基于Malmquist DEA的甘肃内陆河流域农业水土资源利用效率及匹配特征研究

水土资源是农业生产的核心资源，二者在时空上的匹配程度及其利用效率直接关系到资源的可持续利用和区域农业的可持续发展。基于甘肃省2001-2016年内陆河流域农业水资源、耕地面积、节水灌溉面积等数据，运用农业水土资源匹配系数法和数据包络分析法中的Malmquist DEA模型对内陆河流域农业水土资源利用效率及匹配特征进行研究。结果表明：①2001-2016年内陆河流域农业水土资源利用效率和水土资源匹配度总体呈现波动中上升并趋于稳定趋势； ②从流域空间上来看，农业水土资源利用综合效率比较结果为：黑河＞石羊河＞疏勒河，匹配程度比较结果为：疏勒河＞黑河＞石羊河；③技术进步对农业水土资源利用效率的作用较为明显，规模效率和综合效率对技术进步具有一定的补偿作用，三者同时推动着内陆河流域农业水土资源匹配程度和生产效率的提升。河西走廊内陆河流域水土资源匹配度有较大的提升空间，从各流域水土资源利用和管理特点出发，采取具体措施优化限制因子，可以促进区域比较优势的发挥，又能够引导区域农业经济空间的合理化，最终实现农业可持续发展目标。

Study on Utilization Efficiency and Matching Features of Agricultural Soil and Water Resources in Inland River Basin of Gansu Province Based on Malmquist DEA

Soil and water are the core resources of agricultural production. The matching degree in space and time and their utilization efficiency are directly related to the sustainable utilization of resources and the sustainable development of regional agriculture. Based on the data of agricultural water resources, cultivated land area and water-saving irrigation area in the inland river basin of Gansu Province from 2001 to 2016, this paper used the Malmquist DEA model of data envelopment analysis and the method of agricultural water and soil resources matching coefficient to analyze the utilization efficiency and matching characteristics of agricultural water and soil resources in the inland river basin. The results showed that: ① from 2001 to 2016, the utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources and the matching degree of water and soil resources in the Inland River Basin showed a trend of rising and stabilizing in general; ② from the watershed space, the comprehensive utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources was as follows: Hei river > Shiyang river > Shule river, and the matching degree was as follows: Shule river > Hei river > Shiyang river; ③ technological advancement played an obvious role in the utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources. Scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency had a certain compensating effect on technological progress. They also promoted the matching degree and production efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources in inland river basins. The matching degree of water and land resources in the inland river basin of Hexi Corridor had much to improve. Based on the characteristics of water and land resources utilization and management in each river basin, taking specific measures to optimize the limiting factors could promote the development of regional comparative advantages, and guide the rationalization of regional agricultural economic space, and ultimately achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development.