豫中上六片烤烟不同采收期对烤后烟叶品质的影响

为明确豫中烟区烤烟上六片适宜的成熟采收特征、成熟度与烟叶产质量关系，确定最有利于质量提升的成熟度标准，形成优质上六片烟叶成熟采收技术规程，以中烟100为试验材料，设置不同采收梯度，在田间进行烟叶成熟特征描述和SPAD值测定，并对烤后烟叶经济性状、外观质量、物理性状、化学成分和感官指标进行相关分析。结果表明：延迟10~11 d采收的上六片烟叶呈桔黄至深桔黄色，烟叶厚薄适中，结构疏松，成熟度好，油分足，光泽强，色度浓，弹性好，经济效益较高，感官质量评价最好。此时，上六片烟叶的田间成熟特征为叶脉基本全白，叶片颜色为淡黄色,成熟斑较多，上三片和下三片相对应的SPAD值分别为5.4~5.7和6.4~6.9。因此，豫中烟区上六片烟叶应适当延迟10~11 d采收，此时可获得产质量均较好的优质上部烟叶。

Effects of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Upper Six Tobacco Leaves of Flue-cured Tobacco in Central Henan

In order to clarify the suitable mature harvesting characteristics of “upper six leaves” of flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco area of central Henan, and relationship between maturity and tobacco yield and quality, determine the maturity standard that is most conducive to quality improvement, and form a technical specification for mature harvesting of high-quality upper six tobacco leaves. Taking Zhongyan 100 as the experiment material, set different harvesting gradients, described tobacco leaves maturity characteristics and SPAD values in the field, and the economic characteristics, appearance quality, physical properties, chemical composition and sensory smoking quality of roasted tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that: it was advisable to delay harvesting for about 10~11 d. At this time, the roasted tobacco leaves were orange to deep orange, the tobacco leaves were moderately thick, the structure was loose, the maturity was good, the oil was sufficient, the brilliance was strong, the chrominance was deep, and the elasticity was good, the economic benefit were higher, and the sensory quality evaluation was the best. At this time, the characters of maturity in the field is that the color of the leaves veins were basically turned white, the color of the leaves were light yellow, and the mature spots were more. The corresponding SPAD values of the upper three leaves and the lower three leaves in the best harvesting period were 5.4~5.7 and 6.4~6.9. Therefore, upper six tobacco leaves in the tobacco area of central Henan should be delayed by 10~11 d, and high-quality upper tobacco leaves with good yield and quality can be obtained.