不同菌剂对鸡粪堆肥过程中有害气体排放的影响

为筛选适合鸡粪好氧堆肥有害气体减排的微生物菌剂品种，以鸡粪为主料，谷糠为辅料，调节初始混合物料含水率(50%)和C/N(25)，添加菌剂A（人元生物菌）、菌剂B（晟康生物菌）和菌剂C（自制生物菌），进行好氧堆肥试验，对比分析堆肥过程中腐熟度指标和有害气体排放的变化。结果表明，在鸡粪混合谷糠堆肥的基础上添加微生物菌剂均能快速升温，且高温期延长1~2 d，但不同菌剂间温度无明显差异；各处理均在第19 d左右进入稳定期，温度在30 ℃上下波动。堆肥结束后，接种微生物菌剂增加了碳素损失，堆肥前后总碳含量降幅为32.0%（菌剂A）~40.0%（菌剂B）；但总氮相对含量有所提高，不同微生物菌剂处理的堆肥终点总氮含量增幅为2.15%（菌剂A）~2.25%（菌剂C）；堆肥过程中C/N呈明显下降的趋势，不同菌剂处理终点的C/N为11.7（菌剂B）~14.3（菌剂A）。堆肥过程中有害气体的排放主要集中在堆肥前10 d，且添加不同菌剂均可降低NH3、SO2和脂肪胺类气体的排放，其中菌剂A对三种气体的减排率分别达到15.8%、48.0%和34.4%，均高于菌剂B和C。因此，在鸡粪与谷糠混合堆肥中，采用菌剂A更有利于有害气体的减排。

Effects of Three Microbial Agents on Harmful Gas Emission During Chicken Manure Composting

In order to screen the optimal microbial agent, the aerobic composting of chicken manure was conducted to study the changes of the maturity indices and the emissions of harmful gases. Three biological bacterial agents (A: renyuan microbial agent; B: shengkang microbial agent; C: self-made microbial agent) were inoculated with the basic materials, which were mixed with chaff under the initial moisture content (50%) and C/N (25), respectively. The results showed that on the basis of chicken manure mixed with chaff composting, microbial agents could rapidly increase the temperature, and make the high temperature period be prolonged by 1~2 d. However, there was no significant difference on temperature among the different microbial agents. All treatments entered a stable period around the 19th day, and the temperature was about 30 ℃. At the end of composting, the inoculation of microbial agents increased the loss of carbon (C), with a decrease from 32.0% (agent A) to 40.0% (agent B). The relative content of total nitrogen (N) was increased form 2.15% (agent A) to 2.25% (agent C) during the composting. The C/N showed a decreased trend, and the final values were ranged from 11.7 (agent B) to 14.3 (agent A) among the three microbial agents. The emissions of harmful gases were mainly occurred in the first 10 d during the composting. The inoculations of the three biological bacterial agents had all decreased the emissions of NH3, SO2 and alicyclic amine. Due to the inoculation of microbial agent A, the emission reductions of three gases were 15.8%, 48.0% and 34.4%, respectively, which were higher than agent B and C. Therefore, the microbial agent A was a better choice to reduce the emissions of harmful gases during the composting of chicken manure and chaff.