后基因组时代基于选择导入系的水稻设计育种策略

近年来，水稻基因组学的发展突飞猛进，但如何将这些研究成果（丰富的基因组变异及功能基因克隆等）有效应用到复杂农艺性状的精准改良仍是设计育种面临的重大挑战和科学难题。经过多年实践证明，选择导入育种（breeding by selective introgression, BBSI）是有效解决这些问题的方法，这是一套基于精准遗传信息进行基因挖掘并同步改良多个复杂性状的设计育种策略。其主要包括：①构建大量携带优异性状的回交导入系群体，作为BBSI的材料平台；②基于全基因组测序和关联分析，构建精准的遗传信息平台；③通过设计“理想目标基因组型（ideal target genomic constitutions, ITGC）”和基因聚合方法，高效培育目标优良品种。介绍了BBSI的发展历程及在分子设计育种中的有效运用，尤其是如何利用分子数量遗传理论和全基因组变异来验证并丰富该策略，计划实施20年来已育成近百个绿色超级稻（green super rice, GSR）新品种，为后基因组时代作物育种的创新发展提供了重要理论和实践参考。

Breeding by Design of Rice in Post-genome Era Based on Selective Introgression Lines

In recent years, rice genomics has made rapid progress, but how to effectively apply these research results (rich genomic variation and functional gene cloning etc.) to the precise improvement of complex agronomic traits remains a major challenge and scientific problem of breeding by design. After years of practice, it has been proved that breeding technology by design based on breeding by selective introgression (BBSI) was an effective way of solving those problems, which is a series of breeding strategies by design based on precise genetic information for simultaneous gene mining and improvement of multiple complex traits. It mainly includes: ① the construction of a large number of backcross introgression lines with one or more excellent traits as the material platform of BBSI. ② To build a precise genetic information platform based on whole-genome sequencing and association analysis. ③ The Ideal Target Genomic Constitutions (ITGC) and gene pyramiding methods will be used to efficiently breed target high-quality varieties. This review described the development history of BBSI and its effective application in molecular breeding by design, especially how to use molecular quantitative genetic theory and genome-wide variation to verify and enrich the strategy. Over the past 20 years, nearly one hundred new green super rice (GSR) varieties had been bred with the implementation of the plan, which provided important theoretical and practical references for the innovative development of crop breeding in the post-genomic era.