冬水田施氮对杂交中稻氮、磷、钾含量及干物质积累与分配的影响

以18个杂交中稻组合为材料,在施氮与不施氮条件下,研究了施氮对杂交中稻氮、磷、钾及干物质积累与分配的影响。结果表明,肥料稻谷生产效率表现为磷素(292.47~328.04 g grain/g P)＞钾素(95.39~107.12 g grain/g K)＞氮素(57.35~70.35 g grain/g N),氮、磷、钾素的稻谷生产效率与籽粒收割指数间呈极显著正相关；施氮后植株的氮、磷、钾和干物质积累量均随之增加,且磷的增加量高于钾,但增加量均以分配到茎鞘和叶片为主。施氮植株比不施氮植株内氮、磷、钾积累量提高是生物产量和氮、磷、钾含量共同作用的结果,而且因氮、磷、钾含量提高的作用（66.30%~80.16%）大于生物量增加的作用（19.84%~33.70%）。植株氮、磷、钾含量分别与其稻谷生产效率呈极显著负相关,18个杂交中稻组合地上部植株氮、磷、钾的积累量比为1∶0.20~0.21∶0.61~0.66,其中73%~80%的氮和磷被籽粒吸收,73%~75%钾分配到茎叶。

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Accumulation and Distribution of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium and Dry Matter of Mid-season Hybrid Rice in Winter Paddy Field

The experiment was conducted with 18 mid-season rice combinations grown under the conditions of nitrogen application(AN) and no nitrogen application(NN).The results indicated that the grain productive rate showed P(292.47~328.04 g grain/g P)>K(95.39~107.12 g grain/g K)>N(57.35~70.35 g grain/g N),highly significant positive correlations were observed between the grain productive rates of N、P、K and harvest index of grain.N、P、K and dry matter DM accumulation above ground plants were increased by AN,and the increasing amount of P was bigger than that of K,but their increasing amount were mainly distributed in stems and leaves.The accumulation of N、P、K above ground plants were increased by AN,which was the common function of DM and N、P、K content increased,the effect of increasing N、P、K content(66.30%~80.16%) was bigger than that(19.84%~33.70%) of DM.Significant or highly significant negative correlations were observed between N、P、K content above ground plants and their grain productive rate,the ratio of N、P、K uptake amount above ground plants of 18 mid-season rice combinations was 1∶ 0.20~0.21∶ 0.61~0.66,73%~80% N、P were distributed in grain,73%~75% K were distributed in stems and leaves.