我国农产品出口韩国受阻原因分析及对策建议

随着我国对外开放的深入发展，我国农产品贸易结构发生了重要变化，连续多年呈现逆差并持续扩大，采取有效措施促进出口增长是关系农业国际收支平衡的重要任务。韩国是我国第四大农产品出口目标市场，我国长期对韩国保持农产品贸易顺差，但近年来我国对韩国农产品出口增长速度趋缓。以农药残留限量为典型的技术性贸易措施是阻碍和限制我国农产品出口韩国的重要因素。特别是近年来，韩国不断调整农药使用管理制度和相关进口监控检查措施，我国农产品出口韩国因农药残留问题受阻呈现增加趋势。梳理了2015年1月至2022年4月韩国通报我国出口农产品农药残留违规数据，表明我国农产品出口韩国因农药残留问题被通报的数量、涉及的农药种类和受影响的产品范围不断增加，导致受阻增加的主要原因是韩国全面实施农药肯定列表制度并扩大进口农产品农药残留监测范围，而我国农产品出口企业获取国外法规标准信息的能力不足，生产过程中农药使用管理的规范性仍有待加强。提升我国农产品应对韩国农药残留贸易壁垒的能力，需要从加强韩国法规标准信息预警、提升生产主体科学用药和质量安全控制能力、探索推动韩方建立重点贸易产品进口限量以及完善国内特色小宗作物农药登记和限量标准制定等方面综合施策。

Reasons and Countermeasures for the Obstruction of Agro-products Export from China to Republic of Korea

With the intensive development of China’s opening to the outside world， the structure of China’s agricultural trade has undergone significant changes， and the agricultural trade has shown deficits for consecutive years， which has been continuously widening. Hence， taking effective measures to promote export growth is an significant task concerning the agricultural balance of payments. Republic of Korea is the fourth largest target market for agricultural exports of China， and China has maintained a surplus in agricultural trade with Republic of Korea for a long time， but the growth rate of China’s agricultural exports to Republic of Korea has tailed off in recent years. Pesticide residue limits are typical technical trade measures that hinder and restrict the export of our agricultural products to Republic of Korea. Particularly in recent years， Republic of Korea has been adjusting management system for pesticide utilization and measures related to import monitoring and inspection， resulting in an increasing trend of China’s agricultural exports to Republic of Korea being hindered due to pesticide residue problems. This study collated data about pesticide residue violations notified by Republic of Korea to China’s exports of agricultural products from January 2015 to April 2022 . The results showed that the number of China’s agricultural exports to Republic of Korea notified for pesticide residue problems， the types of pesticides involved and the range of products affected had been increasing. The main factors leading to the increase of obstruction were the overall implementation of the Positive List System of pesticides in Republic of Korea and the expansion of the scope of monitoring of pesticide residues in imported agricultural products， and the insufficient ability of our agricultural export enterprises to obtain information about foreign regulations and standards， and the standardization of pesticide use management in the production process remained to be enhanced. To enhance the ability of China’s agricultural products to deal with pesticide residue trade barriers in Republic of Korea， it was needed to enhance the early warning of regulations and standards in Republic of Korea， improve the scientific use of pesticides and quality and safety control capabilities of production entities， explore to promote the Republic of Korea side to establish key trade products import limits and improve pesticide registration and limit standards for characteristic domestic small crops.