油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的变异分析

为深入了解油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的遗传变异，以253份油用亚麻种质为研究对象，在3个环境下（内蒙古呼和浩特市、集宁市和锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗）对其全生育天数、株高、工艺长度、单株果数、每果粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和分枝数8个农艺性状及棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、粗脂肪含量6个品质性状进行鉴定。结果表明，8个农艺性状的变异系数为5.66%~42.65%；6个品质性状的变异系数为4.10%~30.14%。全生育天数在太仆寺旗表现最长，为112.51 d；千粒重和单株粒重在集宁地区表现最大，分别为5.94和0.55 g；果粒数和单株果数在呼和浩特地区表现最多，分别为5.65和16.90；粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量在太仆寺旗地区表现最大，分别为39.53%和53.45%；亚油酸和棕榈酸含量在集宁地区最大，分别为16.41%和5.09%；油酸和硬脂酸含量在呼和浩特地区表现最大，分别为24.03%和8.31%。聚类分析表明，253份油用亚麻种质被划分为4个类群，相同地理来源的油用亚麻种质被聚到1个类群，为油用亚麻种质资源的收集保存与繁殖提供了科学依据。

Evaluation of Flax Germplasm Phenotype

In order to deeply understand the genetic variation of main quality and agronomic traits of oil flax， 253 oil flax germplasms were selected as the research materials. 14 traits such as days of sowing to seed maturity， plant height， stem lenght， capsule number per plant， seeds of per capsule， seeds weight per plant， 1 000-seed weight， branch number and contents of palmitic acid， stearic acid， oleic acid， linoleic acid， linolenic acid， oil content were repeatedly detected in three environments including Hohhot （HO）， Jining （JN） and Ximeng Taipusi Banner （XM）. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 8 agronomic characters were from 5.66% to 42.65%， and the variation coefficients of 6 quality traits were from 4.10% to 30.14%. The days of sowing to seed maturity in XM was the longest with 112.51 d； 1 000-seed weight and seeds weight per plant in JN area were the largest with 5.94 and 0.55 g， respectively； the seeds per capsule and the capsule number per plant in HO were the most with 5.65 and 16.90， respectively； the contents of crude fat and linolenic acid in XM were the highest with 39.53% and 53.45%， respectively； the contents of linoleic acid and palmitic acid in JN area were the highest with 16.41% and 5.09%， respectively； the contents of oleic acid and stearic acid in HO were the highest with 24.03% and 8.31%， respectively. 253 oil flax germplasms were divided into 4 groups， and oil flax germplasm from the same geographical source were clustered into the same group， which provided a scientific basis for the collection， preservation and reproduction of oil flax germplasm resources.