鳢性别控制育种及应用研究进展

鳢（Channa）是我国重要的淡水鱼类，具有较高的经济价值。鳢普遍存在显著的性别二态性，雄性个体生长速度快、个体大、饲料系数低，因此，全雄单性养殖具有重大的经济意义。阐述了全雄乌斑杂交鳢性别控制育种过程：利用性别分子标记辅助育种技术和生殖内分泌调控技术创制超雄斑鳢新种质，开展母本乌鳢2代群体选育，然后超雄斑鳢与选育的母本乌鳢杂交获得集性控、选育和杂交技术一体的全雄乌斑杂交鳢——“雄鳢1号”。生产性能对比试验表明，“雄鳢1号”雄性率高、生长速度快、规格整齐、饲料系数低、养殖适应范围广。鳢性别控制育种研究不仅促进了鳢养殖品种结构调整和产业升级，也为其他鱼类性控育种提供了理论和技术支持，加速鱼类单性育种进程。

Research Progress on the Breeding and Application of Sex Control in Snakehead

Snakehead（Channa）is an important freshwater fish in China，which has obvious sexual dimorphism，with fast growth rate，large size and low feed coefficient ratio in male individuals.Therefore，monosex culture of all-male production is of great economic significance.In this review，the breeding and application of sex control in all-male hybrid snakehead were described.Super-male blotched snakehead（Channa maculata）was produced by sex-specific molecular marker and reproductive endocrine regulation technology，the female parent northern snakehead（Channa argus）was selected for two generations，then “all-male hybrid No.1”（C. argus ♀XX × C. maculata ♂YY）were produced by combining sex control，population selection and hybridization of super-male C. maculata and the selected female C. argus. Growth performance indicated that “all-male hybrid No.1” had high male rate，rapid growth，uniform size，low feed coefficient ratio and wide breeding adaptability.The research on sex control in Channa not only promoted the structural adjustment and industrial upgrading of snakehead，but also provided theoretical and technical support for sex control of other fish，which could accelerate the breeding process of monosex culture.