甘肃省冬小麦抗条锈病育种现状及对策

条锈病是我国小麦生产上的主要病害之一，甘肃省特别是陇南越夏区危害严重，培育和种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效且环境友好的措施。自20世纪50年代以来，先后育成333个抗条锈冬小麦新品种，在甘肃陇南小麦条锈病的持续控制中发挥了重要作用。陇南越夏区条锈菌毒性变异速度快，抗源材料及生产品种抗性保持时间短，病菌新小种出现与品种抗条锈病性丧失周而复始。介绍了甘肃陇南越夏区在中国小麦条锈病流行中的作用，回顾了主要抗源材料及生产品种抗条锈病性变异特点，总结了抗源利用及品种应用的经验教训，提出了当前存在的问题及今后抗病品种（基因）的利用方向和现有品种的布局建议，旨在为持续控制该区域小麦条锈病发生流行提供技术支撑。

Current Status and Strategies of Winter Wheat Breeding with Reristance to Stripe Rust in Gansu Province

Stripe rust， caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici （Pst）， is one of the most foliar diseases on wheat in Gansu Province of China. Breeding and planting resistant varieties is one of the most economical， environmental friendly， and effective method to control wheat stripe rust in the field. The wheat breeders and plant pathologist are cooperated closely for controlling stripe rust， and a total of 333 winter wheat varieties with resistance to stripe rust have been bred and planted in Southern Gansu Province since 1950’s， which made an important progress in China. The frequent variance of the races/isolates of Pst virulent， the period of varieties and germplasms with resistance for stripe rust were shorter than other regions are main characters in over-summering zone of Southern Gansu Province. The emergency of new races/isolates of Pst， epidemics of the disease， and the lost of resistance to stripe rust in wheat varieties， which happened circlely in southern Gansu province. This paper introduced the role of the over-summer region in epidemics system of stripe rust in China， and analyzed the variation characters of resistant wheat varieties and germplasms， and summarized the experiences and lessons in wheat breeding， respectively. Finally， the questions of winter wheat breeding were proposed at present time， and the strategies in wheat breeding and controlling of stripe rust were also discussed， which provided the support in sustainable controlling the stripe rust in this region.