我国青贮玉米组合（品种）的农艺性状、生物产量和品质变化

青贮玉米以其特有的优势居于现代农业的重要位置。系统分析了2003—2019年累计394个参加国家玉米品种区域试验青贮玉米组合（品种）的农艺性状、生物产量和品质的变化，为未来中国青贮玉米产业发展和品种选育提供依据和参考。结果表明：①2003—2019年参试青贮玉米组合（品种）的生育期平均为111.8 d，春播组合（品种）平均为109.3 d，比夏播组合（品种）长9.7 d，春播组合（品种）生育期呈延长趋势，而夏播组合（品种）呈缩短趋势；②参试青贮玉米组合（品种）的平均株高和穗位高分别为300.5和132.3 cm，2003—2019年株高和穗位高呈升高趋势，近10年株高增加了12.5 cm，而穗位高仅增加了2.1 cm；③参试青贮玉米组合（品种）生物产量平均为19 477.5 kg DW·hm^-2，2003—2019年呈先降低后升高趋势，2011—2019年较2003—2010年增加了721.8 kg·hm^-2；④参试青贮玉米组合（品种）的平均中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量分别为46.7%和21.5%，2003—2019年呈先升高后逐年降低趋势，2011—2019年NDF和ADF含量分别较2003—2010年降低了6.8和5.5个百分点；⑤参试青贮玉米组合（品种）的粗蛋白含量平均为8.7%，年际间变幅较小，全株淀粉含量平均为31.0%（2014—2019年），呈逐年升高和集中趋势。连续17年国家青贮玉米品种区域试验分析结果表明，青贮玉米组合（品种）春播生育期呈延长趋势、夏播则逐步缩短；株高增加，但穗位高变化不大；品质改良取得显著成效，NDF和ADF含量显著降低，淀粉含量明显提升，粗蛋白含量保持稳定；生物产量整体有所提升。

Changes of Agronomic Traits， Biomass Yield and Quality of National Silage Maize Combinations （Varieties）

Silage corn， with its unique advantages， occupies an important position in modern agriculture. The changes of agronomic traits， biological yield and quality of 394 silage maize combinations （varieties） tested in the national corn variety regional trials from 2003 to 2019 were systematically analyzed in this paper to provide instructive information for the development of Chinese silage maize industry and variety breeding. The results showed that： ① the average growth period of silage maize combinations （varieties） was 111.8 d from 2003 to 2019， the spring sowing combinations （varieties） was 109.3 d， which was 9.7 d longer than that of summer sowing. The average growth period of the spring sowing combinations （varieties） prolonged， while the summer sowing combinations （varieties） shortened gradually. ② The average plant height and ear height of silage maize combinations （varieties） was 300.5 and 132.3 cm respectively and both increased gradually from 2003 to 2019. The plant height increased by 12.5 cm， while the ear height only increased by 2.1 cm during the recent decade. ③ The average biological yield of the tested silage maize combinations （varieties） was 19 477.5 kg DW·hm^-2 from 2003 to 2019， with the trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The biomass dry weight yield from 2011 to 2019 increased by 721.8 kg·hm^-2 compared with that of 2003 to 2010. ④ The average content of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） content of the silage maize combinations （varieties） were 46.7% and 21.5% respectively from 2003 to 2019， with the trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The NDF and ADF content from 2011 to 2019 decreased by 6.8 and 5.5 percentage point respectively than that of 2003 to 2010. ⑤ The average crude protein content of the tested silage maize combinations （varieties） was 8.7% （2003—2019）， with less variation among years. The average starch content was 31.0% （2014—2019）， with the trend of increasing and concentrating gradually. The consecutive 17 year national silage maize regional trials showed that， the growth period of silage maize combinations （varieties） indicated the trend of the spring sowing prolonged， while the summer sowing shortened gradually； the plant height increased， but the ear height had little change； the quality improvement achieved remarkable progress， NDF and ADF content decreased significantly， the starch content increased obviously， the crude protein content remained stable； and the biological yield increased.