小麦-小黑麦抗条锈病杂交后代种质农艺性状及细胞分子遗传学分析

黑麦具有优良的遗传多样性,是改良小麦品质、产量和抗性的重要亲本之一,是丰富小麦种质资源的一条重要途径。在远缘杂交的基础上对16份普通小麦与小黑麦的杂交品系进行条锈病抗性鉴定、农艺性状分析、细胞分子遗传学鉴定及相关品质分析,并对可能导入小麦中的外源染色体(片段)进行了多方面定位。鉴定出9个小麦×小黑麦1BL/1RS易位系、1个代换系和2个1BL/1RS易位系/代换系;抗病鉴定结果表明9个杂交品系在苗期和成株期对条锈病均表现为高抗,可为小麦抗条锈病育种提供抗源;高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析显示16个品系中,HMW-GS组成类型以最常见的Null、7+8、2+12出现的频率最高,其中P174在16份材料中的综合得分最高,符合小麦种一级麦的标准;田间农艺性状和品质测定结果表明12个小麦品系的容重达到一级麦标准,赖氨酸含量的变化范围为2.8~4.4 g/kg。通过该结果以期鉴定出一批田间抗性优良和有价值的中间材料,为抗条锈病育种工作提供新的种质资源。

Analysis of Germplasm Agronomic Traits and Molecular Cytogenetics on Wheat-triticale Hybrids Resistant to Stripe Rust

Because of excellent genetic diversity,rye is one of the important parents to improve wheat quality, yield and resistance, and enrich wheat germplasm resources. This study carried out stripe rust resistance identification, agronomic traits analysis, cellular molecular genetics identification and relevant quality analysis on 16 hybrid lines between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (Triticale wittmack) on the basis of distant hybridization. Besides, foreign chromosomes (fragments), which might be led into common wheat were positioned from multiaspect. Results revealed that 9 wheat×triticale 1BL/1RS translocation lines, one substitution line and 2 1BL/1RS translocation lines/substitution line were identified. Results of disease identification indicated that these 9 hybrid lines presented high resistance to stripe rust in seedling and adult stages, which could provide resistant resources for wheat stripe rust resistant breeding. In addition, the common HMW-glutenin subunit types, such as Null, 7+8, and 2+12 had the highest frequency of occurrence among the 16 lines shown in analysis of HMWG subunits composition. Among them, P174 line got the highest comprehensive score, meeting the standard of first-grade wheat flour. Finally, the field agronomic and quality traits analysis showed that the bulk density of 12 wheat lines attained the standard of first-grade wheat seeds, their lysine content ranged from 2.8~4.4 g/kg. A number of intermediate material with superior resistance in fields and good value would be identified according to these results, and new germplasm resources would be provided for wheat stripe rust breeding.