新疆乌鲁木齐市周边鸡场鸡源沙门氏菌耐药性及耐药基因的检测

为掌握新疆乌鲁木齐市周边鸡场鸡源沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性及耐药基因的携带情况。从新疆乌鲁木齐周边养鸡场共采集950份鸡泄殖腔拭子,从中分离出沙门氏菌80株,采用琼脂稀释法对其进行最小抑菌浓度测定;通过PCR方法对耐药沙门氏菌进行PMQR(qnrA、qnrB、qnrC、qnrD、qnrS、oqxA、oqxB、qepA和aac(6')Ib-cr)、β-内酰胺酶(bla_(TEM)、bla_(CTX-M)、bla_(SHV)、bla_(KPC)、bla_(CMY-2)、bla_(LAP-1)和bla_(OXA))及16S rRNA甲基化酶(armA和rmtB)共18种耐药基因的检测。耐药结果显示:鸡源沙门氏菌对环丙沙星(83.6%)和恩诺沙星(77.5%)呈现高水平耐药;对阿米卡星的耐药率(20.0%)较低。耐药基因检测结果为:(1)qnrS检出率为12.5%,qnrB检出率为13.8%,oqxA检出率为51.3%,oqxB检出率为51.3%,aac(6')-Ib-cr检出率为37.5%,未检出qnrA、qnrC、qnrD和qepA;(2)bla_(CTX-M)检出率为5.0%,bla_(TEM)检出率为67.5%,bla_(SHV)检出率为13.6%,bla_(OXA)检出率为37.5%,未检出bla_(KPC)、bla_(LAP-1)和bla_(CMY-2)。(3)rmtB检出率为7.5%,arm A检出率为1.3%。乌鲁木齐周边鸡场分离的鸡源沙门氏菌对环丙沙星和恩诺沙星耐药严重,对阿米卡星比较敏感。共检出11种耐药基因,基因类型较多,使养鸡场细菌的多药耐药风险加大。

Detection of Resistance and Drug Resistance Genes of Salmonella from the Chicken Farms Around Urumqi in Xinjiang

In order to understand Salmonella tolerance chicken farms in Urumqi of Xinjiang and tolerance gene carrying situation, this study collected 950 chicken cloacal swabs from the surrounding chicken farms in Urumqi of Xinjiang, and isolated 80 strains of Salmonella. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method, and tolerant genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 18 kinds of tolerance genes were detected, including PMQR (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, qepA and aac(6′)-Ib-cr), β-lactamase (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaKPC, blaCMY-2, blaLAP-1 and blaOXA) and 16S rRNA methylation enzyme (armA and rmtB). The results showed that the tolerant rate of Salmonella to ciprofloxacin was 83.6%, to enrofloxacin was 77.5%, and to amikacin was 20.0%. The results of tolerant genes detection were ① detection rate of qnrS was 12.5%, qnrB was 13.8%, oqxA was 51.3%, oqxB was 51.3%, and aac (6′)-Ib-cr was 37.5%, qnrA, qnrC, qnrD and qepA were not detected; ② detection rate of blaCTX-M was 5.0%, blaTEM was 67.5%, blaSHV was 13.6%, blaOXA was 37.5%, blaKPC，blaLAP-1 and blaCMY-2 were not detected; ③ detection rate of rmtB was 7.5%, and armA was 1.3%. Salmonella isolated from chicken farms around Urumqi was severely tolerant to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and sensitive to amikacin. A total of 11 kinds of tolerant genes were detected, and there were many genotypes, which increased the risk of multi-drug tolerance in these chicken farms.