水产养殖环境的污染及其控制对策

在分析当前中国水产养殖环境污染状况的基础上，阐述了污染的来源及其对水产养殖业和水域环境的影响。水产养殖环境污染由外源性污染和养殖自身污染构成。外源性污染主要由工业污染、农业面源污染和生活污染导致，而自身污染主要由养殖过程中的肥料、饲料、鱼药等投入品以及生物排泄物和底泥等引发。介绍了目前在水产养殖环境污染控制过程中常用的原位修复和异位修复技术，针对污染来源并结合中国国情，提出了水产养殖环境污染防控的对策和建议，以期为保证水产品质量、推动水产养殖业可持续发展提供思路。

Pollution and Control Measures of Aquaculture Environment

The current status of aquaculture environment pollution in China was analysed. The pollution sources and their impact on aquaculture and the surrounding aquatic environment were stated. Aquaculture environmental pollution can be caused by exogenous contamination and self\|pollution of the culture. The industrial pollution, the agricultural pollution and the domestic pollution were main sources of the extrogenous contaminations, while the sources of self\|pollution involved all the inputs and byproducts in the whole breeding process, including the fertilizers, the feeds, the fish medicines, the excrement of the culture species and the sediment. The paper introduced the in\|situ remediation and ex\|situ remediation technology which were commonly used in aquaculture environmental pollution control. On the basis of the analysis above, the control measures on aquaculture environment pollution was proposed in line with the China’s national conditions, to provide ideas for improving the aquatic products quality and for promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture.