不同贮藏方式下花生种子萌发能力及生理变化研究

为了解不同贮藏条件下的花生种子萌发规律,对不同贮藏条件做出评价,并为花生种子贮藏条件及种子萌发生理生化机制提供理论依据,以大果(豫花9326)和小果(远杂9102)花生品种为研究材料,采用真空、低温和室温3种贮藏方式贮藏1年,以当年收获的种子为对照,测定供试种子的初始含水量、重量及体积。对不同处理种子的活力及萌发过程中的生理生化变化进行研究,结果表明:不同贮藏条件,影响了种子萌发能力及生理特性;相比当年种子,不同贮藏方式均影响了种子的吸水能力,不同程度的降低了发芽能力;当年种子的发芽势为23.12%~25%、发芽率为98.37%~100%、发芽指数为13.93~14.28,表现出很强的萌发能力;真空贮藏1年的种子发芽指数为6.07~6.78,低温贮藏发芽指数为12.14~13.57,室温贮藏发芽指数为1.78左右;相比当年种子,室温贮藏、低温贮藏、真空贮藏种子浸出液相对电导率增加99.18%、31.50%、54.78%;MDA含量增加36.22%、81.94%、169.02%;经过不同方式贮藏后,2品种可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均出现了不同程度的下降,室温贮藏下降幅度最大,分别较当年收获的种子下降了57.35%、30.47%;低温贮藏可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量下降了28.67%、16.94%,降幅较小;不同品种比较,小果品种的耐贮性要好于大果品种。不同贮藏方式在不同程度上影响了花生种子的生理活性和萌发能力,3种贮藏方式比较,低温贮藏条件对种子活力及各项生理指标影响相对较小,表现出较好的贮藏效果。

Research of Seed Germination Ability and Physiological Change of Peanut Under Different Storage Method

In order to understand the rules of peanut seed germination under different storage conditions, evaluate different storage conditions and provide theoretical basis for peanut seed storage condition and physiological and biochemical mechanisms of seed germination, this paper took big fruit (Yuhua 9326) and small fruit (Yuanza 9102) as materials and storaged them by 3 methods: vacuum, low-temperature and indoor-temperature for 1 year. Seeds harvested the same year served as the contrast and the initial water content, weight and volume of the tested seeds were measured. The vigour of seeds were treated by different ways and physiological and biochemical changes during seed germination were studied. The results indicated that different storage conditions could affect seed germination ability and physilogical property. Compared with the same year seed, different storage methods had affected seed water absorption capacity and reduced seed germination ability by different degrees. The germination potential of seeds harvested in the same year was 23.12%~25%, germination rate was 98.37%~100%, and germination index was 13.93~14.28, showing very strong germination capacity. The germination index of seeds storaged under vacuumed condition for one year was 6.07~6.78. Germination index of seeds storaged under low-temperature condition was 12.14~13.57. Germination index of seeds storaged under indoor temperature was around 1.78. Compared with seeds harvested in the same year, the relative electrolytic leakage of seed leaching agent of under indoor-temperature storage, low-temperature storage and vacuumstorage were increased by 99.18%, 31.50% and 54.78%, respectively. And MDA contents increased by 36.22%, 81.94% and 169.02%, respectively. After storaged by different ways, the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein of these 2 varieties decreased to different degrees. The descend range was the largest under indoor-temperature storage, degreasing by 57.35% and 30.47% in comparison with seeds harvested in the same year. The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein had fallen 28.67% and 16.94% under low-temperature storage, but the descend range was relatively smaller. Comparison between different peanut varieties showed that storage-tolerance capacity of small fruit is better than that of big fruit. Different storage ways had influenced the peanut seeds physiological activity and germination capacity by different degrees. Comparison among these 3 ways showed that low-temperature storage had less influence over seed vigour and physiological indexes, demonstrating favorable storage result.