冬季覆盖作物秸秆还田对水稻植株养分积累与转运的影响

为明确双季稻区不同冬季覆盖作物秸秆还田对后茬水稻植株干物质和养分积累与分配的影响，选择不同冬季覆盖作物-双季稻种植模式为研究对象，采取田间小区定位试验，以冬闲-双季稻种植模式为对照(CK)，开展了黑麦草-双季稻(Ry-R-R)、紫云英-双季稻(Mv-R-R)、油菜-双季稻(Ra-R-R)和马铃薯-双季稻(Po-R-R)种植模式下不同冬季覆盖作物秸秆还田后对后茬水稻各部位干物质和氮、磷、钾积累与分配影响的研究。结果表明：早稻成熟期，Po-R-R处理茎、叶物质贡献率均高于其他处理；晚稻成熟期，Ra-R-R处理的茎、叶物质转运率和物质贡献率均高于其他处理。早稻成熟期，Mv-R-R处理水稻植株穗和地上部分的氮素和磷素积累量均显著高于CK处理（P<0.05）；各秸秆还田处理水稻植株茎和地上部分的钾素积累量均显著高于CK处理（P<0.05）。晚稻成熟期，Po-R-R处理叶、穗和地上部分的氮素和磷素积累量均显著高于CK处理（P<0.05）。Mv-R-R处理穗和地上部分的钾素积累量均显著高于Ry-R-R、Ra-R-R和CK处理（P<0.05）。总的来说，各冬季覆盖作物秸秆还田措施均促进了水稻各部位干物质积累和转运；其中以紫云英秸秆还田处理有利于水稻群体养分的积累与转运。

Effects of Covering Paddy Field by Crop Straw in Winter on Nutrition Accumulation and Translocation of Rice Plant

In order to clarify the effects of covering paddy fields by different crop straw in winter on the dry matter accumulation and translocation of rice plant nutrients in double-cropping rice region, this paper took different covering crop straw in winter and double-cropping rice pattern as research objectives and studied the effects of different crop straw covering the paddy field in winter on the dry matter accumulation and translocation of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) of early and late rice plants by small plot experimental in paddy field and taking slack winter season and double-cropping rice pattern as the contrast(CK). The other 4 treatments were ryegrass-double cropping rice(Ry-R-R), Chinese milk vetch-double cropping rice(Mv-R-R), rape-double cropping rice(Ra-R-R), potato-double cropping rice(Po-R-R). The results showed that the material contribution rate of stem and leaf with Po-R-R treatment were higher than that of the other treatments at the maturing stage of early rice. Meanwhile, the material translocation rate and the material contribution rate of stem and leaf with Ra-R-R treatment were higher than that of the other treatments at maturing stage of late rice. The N and P accumulation amount in panicle and above-ground part of rice plant with Mv-R-R treatment were higher than that of the CK at maturing stage of early rice (P<0.05). And the K accumulation amount in stem and above-ground part of rice plant with Ry-R-R, Mv-R-R, Ra-R-R, Po-R-R treatments were higher than that of the CK at maturing stage of early rice (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the N and P accumulation amount in leaf, panicle and above-ground part of rice plant with Po-R-R treatment were higher than that of the CK at maturing stage of late rice (P<0.05). And the K accumulation amounts in panicle and above-ground part of rice plant with Mv-R-R treatment were higher than that of the Ry-R-R, Ra-R-R, CK treatments at maturing stage of late rice (P<0.05). Compared with the CK, the amounts of accumulation and translocation of dry matter in different parts of early and late rice plants were increased by covering the paddy field with crop straw in winter. In general, the measure of covering paddy fields by crop straw in winter could promote the accumulation and translocation of nutrients in every part of rice plant. Among the 4 treatments, Mv-R-R treatment was the most favorable.