不同施肥措施对黄灌区枸杞光合特性及产量品质的影响

枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)是我国重要的药用植物资源,不合理的施肥措施易导致枸杞品质下降,引起环境污染等问题。为确定黄灌区枸杞生长适宜的施肥方式,设置了3种不同施肥方式(T1:不追肥;T2:追施尿素40 kg/hm2;T3:追施矿源性腐植酸10 kg/hm2)对枸杞叶片结构光合生理、糖分含量和产量品质进行研究分析。结果表明:T3处理有效提高了枸杞发育期叶片净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs),降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci);T3处理显著增加了枸杞收获期叶片气孔限制值(Ls)和水分利用效率(WUE),与T1处理相比变化幅度分别为42.1%和67.2%。成熟枸杞果实发育过程中葡萄糖、果糖和多糖均表现为T3T2T1,蔗糖表现出相反趋势。追肥明显提高了枸杞商用产量和药用品质,其中T3处理调控效果最好。矿源性腐植酸在该区域应用显著增强了枸杞叶片光合作用,改善了单季枸杞果实的产量品质。

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Properties,Yield and Quality of Lycium barbarum L.in the Yellow River Irrigation Area

Lycium barbarum L. is an important medicinal plant resource. Unreasonable fertilizing measures can lead to decline of wolfberry quality, and cause environmental pollution and other problems. In order to determine the suitable fertilizing methods for Lycium barbarum L. growth in the Yellow River irrigation area, this paper set out 3 different fertilizing measures (T1: no dressing; T2: topdressing by 40 kg/hm2 of urea; T3: topdressing by 10 kg/hm2 of humic acid) to analyze photosynthesis and sugar contents of wolfberry leaf, and its yield and quality. The results showed that T3 treatment could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and decrease the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). Moreover, T3 treatment could significantly increase the leaf stomatal limitation value (Ls) and water utilization efficiency (WUE) in the harvest period. Compared with those under T1 treatment, their changing rates were 42.1% and 67.2%, respectively. The glucose, fructose and polysaccharide contents of the matured Chinese wolfberry fruits were following the order of T3>T2>T1 during the growing period. But sucrose content showed an opposite trend. Obviously topdressing had improved the commercial yield and medicinal qualities of Lycium barbarum L., and T3 treatment had better controlling and regulation effect. Application of humic acids in this area could significantly enhance the leaf photosynthesis role of Lycium barbarum L. and improve the fruit yield and quality of one-season Lycium barbarum L..