基因编辑技术及其在作物育种中的应用与安全管理

基因组编辑技术是研究基因功能和对生物体基因进行定向改造的有力工具。随着近几年CRISPR/Cas9技术的快速发展,基因组编辑技术在作物育种领域起着越来越重要的作用。介绍了ZNFs、TALENs和CRISPR/Cas9系统的原理及在作物育种领域的研究进展,重点论述了CRISPR系统相关的变体和该系统在植物基因功能研究和作物育种中的进展。同时,也论述了基因编辑作物的检测方法及不同国家和地区对基因编辑作物的监管态度,重点介绍了美国、欧盟以及我国目前的监管态度,并分析了基因编辑作物存在的问题和发展趋势。为我国基因编辑作物的研究、安全管理和商业化批准提供了参考。

Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Crop Breeding and Safety Management

Gene editing technology is a powerful tool for studying gene functions and conducting directional gene modification. With the rapid development of CRISPR/Cas9 system in recent years, gene editing technology has played a critical role in crop breeding. This paper introduced the theory of ZNFs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 system and their research progress in crop breeding. The paper focused on related variants of CRISPR system and progress of this system in plant gene function research and crop breeding. Meanwhile, the paper introduced the mutant detection methods and regulatory attitudes towards gene editing crops in different countries and regions, especially the regulatory status of gene editing crops in US, EU and China. Before ending, the paper also analyzed the existing problems and development trends of gene editing crops, thus providing references for the research, safety management and commercial approval of gene editing crops in China.