限控基因飘流的生物学措施研究进展

转基因作物种植面积逐年增加，到2011年全球转基因作物的种植面积达到1.6亿hm2，较1996年增长了近94倍。随着转基因作物的大面积商业化种植，由此带来的生物安全问题越来越受到人们的关注，其中花粉介导的基因飘流是人们关注的焦点问题之一。探索限控转基因飘流的生物学措施是当前国际上关于生物安全研究的热点和焦点。因此，就目前研究较多的生物学措施如叶绿体转化技术、基因剔除技术、转基因弱化技术、雄性不育技术、种子不育技术、闭花受精和无融合生殖技术、基因拆分技术、可控转基因技术等进行了综述，并对将来的研究方向进行了展望。

Research Progress on the Biological Containment to Control Transgene Flow

GM crop acreage increased year by year, the global acreage of GM crops has reached 160 million hm2 in 2011, an increase of nearly 94 times compared to acreage of 1996. With a large area of commercial cultivation of GM crops, the resulting bio-security issues are attracted more and more attention, which the pollen-mediated gene flow is one of the focus problems. It is the current international hot spot and focus on biosafety research to explore the biological measures for transgenic drift control. Therefore, more biological measures were reviewed, such as plastid transformation technology, transgene excision technology, transgene mitigation technology, male and female sterility technology, seed sterility technology, cleistogamy and apomixis technology, split transgenic technology and controlled transgenic technology, future research directions were also prospected.