真菌无毒基因克隆与抗性蛋白互作研究

无毒基因（avirulence genes, Avr）是病原物遗传因子,能诱发寄主植物产生抗病性。真菌Avr基因的克隆、编码产物结构和功能分析,以及与寄主抗性蛋白的互作机制等方面的研究对于深入了解植物的抗真菌病害分子机理具有重要意义。其编码AVR蛋白（又可以称为效应子,effector）通常富含半胱氨酸,效应子通过吸器或侵入丝被分泌到寄主细胞内促发抗性反应。在抗性反应过程中,效应子能直接或间接地被植物细胞相应的抗性蛋白识别,这种识别机制与效应子和抗性蛋白的区段相关。以几个真菌病害为例,综述了近年来有关无毒基因克隆、表达、以及与抗性蛋白的互作机制等方面的主要研究进展,以期为相关研究的深入提供参考。

Studies on Fungal Avirulence Genes Cloning and their Interaction with R Protein

Avirulence genes (Avr) are hereditary factors of pathogen and could induce disease resistance of host plant. To clone Avr genes and study their structure and function, as well as their interactions with the host resistance (R) proteins are greatly important in understanding the molecular mechanism of plant resistance to fungus disease. Most AVR proteins (also called effectors) are rich in cysteine residues. They are translocated into host cells via haustoria or invasive hyphaes, and then induce hypersensitive response (HR). During this process, effectors are directly or indirectly recognized by cognate resistance proteins inside plant cells due to the interactions of certain domains between Avr and R proteins. This review summarized the progress on cloning and characterization of avirulence genes from several plant fungal pathogens and their interactions with plant resistance genes, so as to provide references for further research.