外源物质对化学封顶棉花农艺性状及产量形成的调控效应

为了探明不同外源物质对化学封顶棉花生长及产量形成的调控效应,在田间试验条件下,以北疆大面积推广种植的‘新陆早57号’为试验材料,在化学封顶后,叶面喷施辛酸甲酯(MC)、油菜素内酯(BR)、复硝酚钠(CSN)、萘乙酸钠(NAA) 4种外源物质,设清水(Blank)对照,研究4种外源物质对化学封顶棉花农艺性状、生物量积累及产量形成的影响。结果表明,4种不同剂量的外源物质叶面喷施后,棉花各项农艺性状和产量形成指标响应具有明显的剂量效应。不同剂量外源物质在喷药后15 d、30 d均能使植株生物量提高,显著高于空白对照,且30 d时,75 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2BR、150 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2NAA和75 m L/hm~2CSN处理效果较好。喷施各外源物质后,各处理的单株成铃数、单铃重、衣分及增产率均高于空白处理;处理75 m L/hm~2MC、15 m L/hm~2BR、150 m L/hm~2MC和7.5 m L/hm~2CSN下,籽棉产量提高;其中75 m L/hm~2MC效果最佳,较Blank籽棉产量提高了25.88%。结果表明外源物质可在一定程度上显著提高化学封顶棉花农艺性状及产量,在本研究条件下75 m L/hm~2的辛酸甲酯处理效果最佳,15 m L/hm~2油菜素内酯、150 m L/hm~2辛酸甲酯次之。

Regulatory Effects of Exogenous Substances on Agronomic Traits and Yield Formation of Chemically Capped Cotton

In order to determine the regulatory effects of different exogenic substances on the growth and yield of chemically capped cotton, field test was carried out; ‘Xinluzao 57’ cotton, widely planted in northern Xinjiang, was selected as experimental materials; four exogenous substances, including methyl caprylate (MC), brassinolide(BR), sodium dinitrophenol(CSN) and sodium naphthalene acetate (NAA), were sprayed on the cotton leaves after chemical capping, and water was set as the control (Blank); the effects of four exogenous substances on agronomic traits, biomass accumulation and yield formation of chemically capped cotton were investigated. The results showed that exogenous substances had significant effects on cotton agronomic traits and yield formation indexes, and they had some dose-effect relation. The biomass of cotton sprayed different doses exogenous substances for 0 d, 15 d, and 30 d was significantly higher than that of the Blank. Among them, the treatments of 75 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 BR, 150 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 NAA, and 75 mL/hm2 CSN were all better than other treatments, but there was no significant difference among them. The boll number per plant, boll weight per plant, lint percentage and increased yield of all exogenous substances treatments were higher than those of Blank treatment. Compared to Blank, seed cotton yield of treatments 75 mL/hm2 MC, 15 mL/hm2 BR, 150 mL/hm2 MC, and 7.5 mL/hm2 CSN increased significantly. Among them, treatment of 75 mL/hm2 MC had the best effect, and its seed cotton yield was 25.88% higher than that of Blank. The results showed that exogenous substances could significantly improve the agronomic traits and yield of chemically capped cotton. Spraying 75 mL/hm2 methyl caprylate was the best, followed by treatments of 15 mL/hm2 brassinolide and 150 mL/hm2 methyl caprylate.