黄沙和炉渣不同配比基质对温室黄瓜植株生长及生理特性的影响

为筛选适合设施黄瓜无土栽培的基质配方,以黄沙和炉渣作为无土栽培基质原料,设置黄沙与炉渣的配比为5∶0(T1)、5∶1(T2)、5∶2(T3)、5∶3(T4)、5∶4(T5)、5∶5(T6)、0∶5(T7)共7个处理,对不同处理的理化性质和黄瓜的生长生理指标进行测定。结果表明:不同配比基质处理中,T5处理增加了黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数,且均显著高于其他处理,该处理对植株的生物量积累、叶绿素、叶片可溶性糖和淀粉等含量也有显著性影响。利用隶属函数法对各指标进行综合评价,得出T5处理(黄沙:炉渣=5∶4)效果最好,T3(黄沙:炉渣=5∶2)效果最差。其排序依次为:T5T1T4T7T6T2T3。结果表明T5(黄沙:炉渣=5∶4)可作为设施黄瓜高效栽培的无机栽培基质,为南疆设施黄瓜节本增效生产提供新的思路和理论依据。

Effects of Different Proportions of Yellow Sand and Slag on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Greenhouse Cucumber Plants

In order to screen the matrix formula suitable for greenhouse cucumber cultivation, yellow sand and slag were used as raw materials for soilless culture. Seven treatments of different ratios of yellow sand to slag, including 5∶0（T1）, 5∶1（T2）, 5∶2（T3）, 5∶3（T4）, 5∶4（T5）, 5∶5（T6）, 0∶5（T7）, were set to carry out. The physical and chemical properties and the physiological indexes of cucumber in different treatments were determined. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter and leaf number of cucumber were increased significantly in treatment T5, and it was higher in T5 treatment than those of other treatments. Moreover the accumulation of plant biomass, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch in leaves were also significantly affected by different substrate treatments. The fuzzy membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the indicators. The order of comprehensive evaluation value was as follow: T5>T1>T4>T7>T6>T2>T3. It was suggested that T5 (yellow sand:slag=5∶4) had the best performance and T3 (yellow sand:slag=5∶2) had the worst performance. This study suggested that T5 (yellow sand:slag=5∶4) could be used as an inorganic cultivation substrate for efficient cultivation of cucumber. The present work provided new ideas and theoretical basis for the synergistic production of cucumbers in Southern Xinjiang.