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固氮类芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其促生、抑菌活性的测定
引用本文:王楠,李刚强,李云龙,李永斌,张浩玮,王民洋,王莉瑛,刘德虎,陈三凤.固氮类芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其促生、抑菌活性的测定[J].中国农业科技导报,2019,21(5):95-103.
作者姓名:王楠  李刚强  李云龙  李永斌  张浩玮  王民洋  王莉瑛  刘德虎  陈三凤
作者单位:1.中国农业科学院生物技术研究所, 北京 100081; 2.中国农业大学生物学院, 北京 100193
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200807);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2018-066)资助。
摘    要:固氮类芽孢杆菌是一类能产生芽孢、具有固氮能力的革兰氏阳性细菌。这类菌除固氮活性和抗逆力强外,有些菌株还具有促进植物生长、对植物病原菌有抑制作用、耐贮藏等特点,被认为是制备微生物肥料的优良菌种之一,但目前经过鉴定的菌种资源十分有限。从全国20个省不同地理环境、不同种类植物根际采集分离筛选获得500个菌株,从中鉴定出60个具有固氮结构基因(nif H)的分离株,通过对其中17个分离株的nif H和16S rRNA基因序列的比对分析,初步确定了它们的系统发育地位,17个分离株均属于固氮类芽孢杆菌,而且这17个菌株全部具有固氮酶活性,最高达到2 109.9±131.1 nmol/mg·h。进一步分析,其中5株具有IAA分泌能力,最高为49.908±3.6μg/m L,11株对4种常见植物病原菌表现出抑制作用。在17个分离株中,共发现了5株兼具固氮、分泌IAA以及抑制植物病原菌的特点,其中IAA分泌能力最低的BJ-18对番茄幼苗仍具有显著的促生作用。分离和鉴定的固氮类芽孢杆菌丰富了固氮微生物菌种资源,发现的兼具固氮、分泌IAA以及抑制植物病原菌的固氮类芽孢杆菌在农业生产中具有潜在的广泛应用前景。

关 键 词:固氮类芽孢杆菌  固氮酶活性  nif基因  吲哚乙酸  抑菌作用  

Isolation and Identification of Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus spp. and Determination of Their Plant-growth Oromoting and Plant Pathogen-inhibiting Activities
WANG Nan,LI Gangqiang,LI Yunlong,LI Yongbin,ZHANG Haowei,WANG Minyang,WANG Liying,LIU Dehu,CHEN Sanfeng.Isolation and Identification of Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus spp. and Determination of Their Plant-growth Oromoting and Plant Pathogen-inhibiting Activities[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2019,21(5):95-103.
Authors:WANG Nan  LI Gangqiang  LI Yunlong  LI Yongbin  ZHANG Haowei  WANG Minyang  WANG Liying  LIU Dehu  CHEN Sanfeng
Institution:1.Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 2.College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
Abstract:Nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus strains are considered as an excellent strain for microbial fertilizers because of its characteristics of nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, stress resistance and storage tolerance. However, the resources of identified strains are very limited. In this study, 60 nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus strains with nifH genes were isolated from 500 strains which were isolated from the rhizospheres of 266 different plants in 20 provinces of China. The sequence of nifH genes and 16S rRNA from 17 isolations were analyzed. All of 17 isolations was preliminarily determined by constructing phylogenetic trees. The analysis of plant growth-promoting activities showed that all the 17 isolations had nitrogenase activity up to 2 109.9±131.1 nmol/mg·h, 5 isolations had IAA secretion ability up to 49.908±3.6 μg/mL, and 11 isolations had antagonism to 4 common plant pathogens. Among the 17 isolations, 5 had nitrogenase activity, IAA secretion and antagonistic action, among which BJ-18 with the lowest IAA secreting capacity still had significant growth promoting effect on tomato seedlings. This study provided a basis for enriching the resources of nitrogen-fixing microbial agents in China and even in the world, and provided high-quality experimental materials for the study of nitrogen-fixing mechanism.
Keywords:Paenibacillus  nitrogenase activity  nif gene  IAA  antagonistic activity of plant pathogens  
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