新疆野苹果28个种下类型叶片解剖结构对比研究

为研究新疆野苹果不同种下类型叶片解剖结构的差异,探讨新疆野苹果叶片解剖结构与环境的适应性及其抗性的关系,以新疆野苹果28个种下类型叶片为研究对象,采用石蜡制片法制作切片,根据不同种下类型叶片解剖结构特征及其栅海比、叶片紧密度等指标,观察研究了新疆野苹果28个种下类型叶片的解剖结构。结果表明,小黄酸野苹果在叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度方面平均值最大,与其他种下类型存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,表明其抗寒、抗旱能力较强,光合速率较高。对新疆野苹果28个种下类型叶片的解剖结构特征的各个指标进行聚类分析,分为4个不同类群,其中第四类群的抗旱能力、抗寒能力以及光合速率在4个类群中较为突出。

Comparative Study on Anatomical Structure of 28 Types of Malus sieversii Leaves

Taking 28 types of Malus sieversii leaves as research materials,the comparative analysis was carried out to investigate differences in anatomical structure of Xinjiang wild apples and the relationships between Malus sieversii leaf anatomical structure and environmental adaplability and its resistance. The method of production of paraffin sections was used to observe the characteristics of anatomical structure of 28 tupes of Malus sieversii leaves and the sponge tissue,blade thickness and other indicators. It suggested that leaf thickness of small wild apples,that of palisad,that of sponge had maximum average value,which was significantly different from those of other types,such as its resistance to cold,resistance to drought were higher,photosynthetic rate was also higher. The indicators of anatomical characteristics of 28 types of Malus sieversii were analyzed. They were divided into different four clusters,of which the fourth cluster had the strongest resistance to cold,to drought and photosynthetic rate in the four clusters.