基于数字高程模型建立融雪型新安江模型

传统的融雪径流预报模型由于缺乏山区降水、气温与积雪分布规律资料且模型并不能很好考虑地形及下垫面对产汇流的影响,融雪径流预报效果差。为提高融雪径流模拟的精度,通过数据高程模型建立融雪型新安江模型,并借助GIS和RS合理的确定模型参数,并以研究区临近气象站700 hPa和850 hPa的0时和12：00的探空气温作为确定气温直减率的依据,对研究区2005年的融雪径流进行模拟,模拟结果较理想,模拟结果基本反映了径流量的实际变化趋势。预报方案的确定性系数为0.812,预报方案的有效性为乙等。说明基于数字高程模型建立的融雪型新安江模型,借助RS和GIS确定模型参数的方法是可行的。

Establishment of Snowmelt-Type Xin'anjiang Watershed Model Based on Digital Elevation Model

For lack of the data on the distribution of the precipitation,temperature and snow in the Mountain areas,the traditional snowmelt-runoff prediction model couldn＇t reflect the influence of the terrain and the underlying surface on runoff yield and concentration and their effect were poor. In order to improve the simulation accuracy, the simulation of the snowmelt-runoff was conducted in the research area in 2005 by using the digital elevation model building Snowmelt-Type Xin＇ anjiang Watershed Model, adopting GIS and RS rational determined model parameters and taking the data about the temperature of sounding temperature of weather station near the research area of whose pressure is 700 hPa and 850 hPa and the time is 24Pm. and 12Am. as the evidence of temperature lapse rate. The results are better and reflect the actual changing trend of the runoff. The deterministic coefficient of forecast project is 0. 812 and the efficiency of forecasting scheme is class 2. The research shows that both the method of using digital elevation model to build Snowmelt-Type Xin＇anjiang Watershed Model and the method of adopting GIS and RS to determine model parameters are feasible.