小麦和棉花不同部位水浸液对播娘蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长的化感效应

以播娘蒿为受体,小麦和棉花为供体,采用人工培养箱种子发芽试验,研究小麦和棉花不同部位（根、茎和叶）的不同浓度水浸液对播娘蒿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、上下胚轴的生长量和生物量的影响.结果表明,在培养皿中随着小麦和棉花各部位水浸液浓度的上升,各处理的播娘蒿种子发芽率和发芽指数呈现缓慢下降趋势,其中棉花茎和根水浸液处理对播娘蒿种子发芽率的抑制效应明显高于小麦茎和根,两种作物叶片的抑制效应没有差异（P ＞0．05）.小麦和棉花根、茎、叶水浸液处理下,播娘蒿幼苗上下胚轴生长量和生物量均受到不同程度的影响,两种作物各器官对播娘蒿幼苗生长量和生物量的抑制效应强弱顺序均为茎＞根＞叶.综合效应比较而言,小麦各器官中茎水浸液对播娘蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长的综合效应大于50,值为67．541,而棉花根和茎水浸液对播娘蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长的综合效应均大于50,值分别为60．579,82．891.小麦茎和棉花根、茎中均存在着播娘蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长的抑制物,其中棉花的抑制效应明显高于小麦,对播娘蒿种子发芽抑制剂的研发具有一定价值,在农业生产中,通过小麦和棉花的轮作在一定程度上能够减轻播娘蒿对小麦的危害.

Allelopathic Effect of Wheat and Cotton Aqueous Extracts with Different Parts on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Descurainia sophia

Taking Descurainia sophia as receptors,wheat and cotton as the donor,the effect of aqueous extract with different parts （root,stem and leaf）and different concentration of wheat and cotton on germi-nation rate,germination indexes,the growth and biomass of upper and below hypocotyls of aqueous extract were investigated.Results showed that with increasing of aqueous extract concentration in each part of wheat and cotton in culture dish,the seed germination rate and germination indexes of Descurainia sophia with different treatments were slowly reduced.The inhibitory effect of aqueous extract treatments of cotton stem and root on germination rate of Descurainia sophia seed were significantly higher than that of wheat stem and root,there were no differences between inhibitory effect of the two crops leaves.When the root, stem and leaf of wheat and cotton were treated with aqueous extract,the growth and biomass of upper and below hypocotyls of Descurainia sophia seedlings were affected in varying degrees.The strong and weak sequences of the inhibitory effect of the organs of the two crops on seedling growth and biomass were as follows：stem ＆gt; root ＆gt; leaf.Compared the comprehensive effect,the comprehensive effect of wheat stem aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedlings growth and biomass of Descurainia sophia was higher than 50,value is 67.541,and the comprehensive effect of cotton stem and root aqueous extracts on seed ger-mination and seedlings growth and biomass of Descurainia sophia was higher than 50,values are 60.579, 82.891,respectively.There were inhibitory substance of seed germination and seedling growth of Descurai-nia sophia in wheat stem and cotton root,stem.Among them,the inhibitory effect of cotton was signifi-cantly higher than that of wheat.Therefore,the research on inhibitory medicament of seed germination of Descurainia sophia had great research value.The crop rotation of wheat and cotton could reduce the hazard of Descurainia sophia on wheat production.