新疆生产建设兵团耕地土壤养分现状及演变规律

为了调查掌握新疆生产建设兵团耕地土壤养分变化特征,探索提高耕地质量的方法和机制.运用土壤养分分级标准和数理统计方法对2005-2011年国家测土配方施肥财政专项补贴项目土壤理化数据进行统计分析.结果表明,新疆生产建设兵团13个农业师22个主要耕作土壤类型耕层土壤肥力水平表现为有机质3级、全氮2级、碱解氮3级、有效磷4级、速效钾3级、pH值中偏碱性.与第二次土壤普查数据比较,有机质、全氮、速效钾呈下降趋势,其中有机质下降幅度较小,速效钾下降幅度较大(31.66％);碱解氮、有效磷呈上升趋势,其中有效磷提高幅度较大(172.25％);pH值变化不大.根据兵团耕地土壤养分现状与演变特点,在今后农业生产中建议采取“调控氮素、稳定磷素、补充钾素”的施肥策略,同时全面实施秸秆还田和增施有机肥等培肥措施、科学有效地推进测土配方施肥技术,以达到土壤养分平衡发展,保证农业生产持续优质、高产、高效发展.

Soil Nutrient Status and Evolution Law of Cultivated Land in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

The variation of soil nutrients content in Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops were evaluated with soil nutrientt graduation standard and mathematical statistic method based on the national financial subsidies program of soil testing and formulated fertilization from 2005 to 2011.The topsoil fertility statuses of 22 soil types were investigated for thirteen regimental farms in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.The content of organic matter was at the level of grade 3,total nitrogen was in grade 2,and available N,P,and K were in grade 3,4,and 3,respectively.Soil pH value was medium alkaline.Compared with the second soil survey results,organic matter content was slightly decreased,total nitrogen decreased and available N increased.The content of available P was increased by 172.25% and available K was decreased greatly by 31.66%.Soil pH had a little change compared with the second soil survey results.The fertilization stragey of regulating nitrogen,stabilizing phosphorus,and supplying potassium was recommended based on the characteristics of soil nutrient statue for Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Furthermore,in order to achieve balanced development of soil nutrients,application of organic fertilizer,crop straw returning,and soil testing and fertilizer recommendation should be widely used to ensure continued high-quality agricultural production.