鱼山渔场披山海域虾类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为分析鱼山渔场披山海域虾类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性等群落结构特征,根据2015年11月、2016年2月、5月、8月在鱼山渔场披山海域进行底拖网生物资源调查所获得的15个站位资料,定量分析了其群落结构的相似性,以及群落结构与水文环境因子间的关系。结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出虾类15种,隶属于8科11属,其中优势种为脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda、哈氏仿对虾Parapenaeopsis hardwickii、中华管鞭虾Solenocera crassicornis、细巧仿对虾Parapenaeopsis tenella、中国毛虾Acetes chinensis、葛氏长臂虾Palaemon gravieri和日本鼓虾Alpheus juponicus共7种;不同季节的虾类种类组成差异较大,优势种类组成变化较大,其中以秋季的虾类种类数最多,冬季最少;优势种种类数春季最多,冬季最少;不同季节渔获种类的水深分布有较大差异,虾类种类以5~10 m水深带分布较多,小于5 m水深带较少;多样性指数冬季低于其他季节,其中小于5 m水深带较高,10~15 m水深带较低,虾类多样性指数随水深的增加呈递减趋势。研究表明,水深、底层水温、表层盐度、底层盐度和化学需氧量是影响调查海域虾类种类组成和群落结构特征的主要环境因子。

Community structure and relationship with environment in shrimp in Pishan waters at Yushan fishing ground

The shrimp community features including species composition, dominance species, and diversity as well as similarity of community structure and relationship between community structure and hydrological environmental factors were evaluated by the data from 15 positions by using bottom trawling around Pishan area in Yushan fish ground in November of 2015 and February, May, and August of 2016. A total of 15 species were found, belonging to 11 genera in 8 families, with dominance species of Exopalaemon carinicauda, Parapenaeopsis hardwickii, So-lenocera crassicornis, Parapenaeopsis tenella, Acetes chinensis, Palaemon gravieri and Alpheus japonicus. The shrimp species composition was varied with seasons, resulting in the big difference in the composition of dominant species, with the maximal number of shrimp species in autumn and the minimal number in winter. There was the maximal number of dominant species in spring and the minimum in winter. The shrimp species and number in the catches were changed with water depth, with the most species at depths of 20-30 m and the minimum at depths of 30-40 m. There was lower Shannon-Wierer diversity index of shrimp community in winter than in other seasons, and de-cline with water depth, less at 5-10 m and more at 5 m. The findings indicate that water depths, temperature and salinity are the main environmental factors influencing species composition and feature of shrimp community struc-ture.