基因编辑CRISPR技术在海洋生物遗传育种的应用进展

基因编辑(gene editing)是生命科学领域目前应用最广泛的技术之一,以其对生物内源基因改变的精确性极大地推动着生命科学的研究进程,而CRISPR技术则是目前适应范围最广、可靠性最高的一类基因编辑技术,与其他技术相比,该技术具有高效、简单等优点。CRISPR等基因编辑技术已在动植物遗传育种、生物医疗等领域广泛应用,其中在海洋生物中的应用也日渐增多。本文以基因编辑技术为切入点,综述了基因编辑技术的发展史、原理、应用过程,以及CRISPR技术在海洋生物遗传育种中的应用现状及发展前景,旨在为推动基因编辑技术在海洋生物资源保护与开发、遗传育种等领域的应用提供科学参考。

Application perspective of CRISPR technology in marine organisms genetic breeding:a review

Gene editing as one of the most widely used technologies in life sciences has greatly promoted the research process of life science due to its accuracy of endogenous gene changes.CRISPR technology has the advantages of high efficiency and simplicity,and is the most widely applicable and reliable gene editing technology.CRISPR and other gene editing technologies have been increasingly applied in marine organisms,while they have been deeply developed in genetic breeding of animal and plant,biological medicine and other fields.The history,principle and application of gene editing are reviewed,with emphasis on application status and development prospect of gene editing CRISPR technology in genetic breeding of marine organisms,in order to provide reference for promoting the application of gene editing technology in protection and development of marine biological resources,genetic breeding and other fields.