大连湾大型底栖甲壳类群落结构特征的初步研究

根据2007年5月和10月的底拖网调查数据,对大连湾大型底栖甲壳类动物的群落结构进行了研究.调查结果表明：大连湾海域共有甲壳类10种,其中虾类5种,蟹类5种;春季甲壳类资源平均生物量和生物密度分别为41.62 kg/km2、2117 ind./km2,秋季分别为404.18 kg/km2、67 333 ind./km2;优势种季节更替明显,春秋两季优势种无共有种.研究表明：大连湾甲壳类资源生物量、生物密度和多样性指数的平面分布格局表现为湾口和湾内空间异质性较高,主要是由于部分优势种在湾口海域聚集造成的;大连湾甲壳类群落结构表现出种类组成较稳定、物种多样性低、空间分布异质性高的态势,主要是由于港口航运对甲壳类群落的扰动及水环境的污染所致.应加强对水质污染的控制,注重对生态环境和海洋生物资源的保护.

The community structure of benthonic macro-crustacean in Dalian Bay

The community structure of benthonic macro-crustacean were studied in Dalian Bay in May and October in 2007 based on the data collected from bottom trawl surveys.A total of 10 macro-crustacean species benthos were collected,including 5 species of shrimp and 5 species of crabs.The average relative resources were shown to be 41.62 kg/km2 in biomass density and 2117 ind./km2 in individul density in spring,and 404.18 kg/km2 in biomass density and 67 333 ind./km2 in individul density in autumn,with obvious succession of dominant species,and without symbiotic species in spring and autumn.The spatial distribution,relative resource density and diversity index revealed that spatial heterogeneity were high in the crustacean resources between the mouth of Dalian Bay and in Dalian Bay,which was attributed to the assemblages of some dominant species in the mouth of Dalian Bay.The disturbance of crustacean community by shipping in ports and water pollution led to stable species composition,low species diversity and high spatial heterogeneity in the benthonic macro-crustacean community.It is suggested that more attention be paid to water pollution and environment protection for marine resource protection.