植物原料替代鱼粉鱼油对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、体组成成分及生化指标的影响

为研究植物原料替代饲料中鱼粉及鱼油对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus L.生长及生理生化指标的影响,以体质量(35.95±0.05)g的大菱鲆幼鱼为研究对象,试验设置鱼粉鱼油组(鱼粉+鱼油)、鱼油组(植物蛋白+鱼油)、芥花油组(植物蛋白+芥花油)和豆油组(植物蛋白+豆油)4个处理组,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂4种试验饲料,共养殖55 d,试验结束后测定大菱鲆生长、营养成分、生化及抗氧化指标的变化。结果表明:豆油组增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数及蛋白质效率与鱼粉鱼油组均无显著性差异(P>0.05),二者均显著优于其他组(P<0.05),鱼粉鱼油组与豆油组脂肪效率和全鱼粗脂肪含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);鱼粉鱼油组全鱼及肝脏必需氨基酸总量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),而豆油组则较高;芥花油组与豆油组全鱼及肝脏EPA、DHA含量总体上低于鱼粉鱼油组和鱼油组(P<0.05);芥花油组与豆油组血清甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、碱性磷酸酶和谷丙转氨酶总体上显著高于鱼粉鱼油组(P<0.05),但高密度脂蛋白含量则较低(P<0.05),芥花油组及豆油组血清和肝脏溶菌酶活性总体上显著低于鱼粉鱼油组(P<0.05),各替代组肝脏抗氧化酶活力整体显著降低(P<0.05)。研究表明,用植物原料替代鱼粉鱼油虽一定程度上降低了大菱鲆幼鱼的生长性能及抗氧化能力,但在本试验条件下,混合植物蛋白配合豆油及藻粉替代鱼粉鱼油效果相对较好,有望成为替代鱼粉鱼油的理想饲料。

Effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil by plant-derived ingredients on growth,body composition,and biochemical indices of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal and fish oil by plant-derived ingredients on growth,body composition,biochemical antioxidant enzyme activities and immunity indices of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.with initial body mass of(35.95±0.05)g.The juvenile turbot was reared in a 80 cm in height×70 cm in diameter×50 cm in water depth bucket at stocking density of 30 fish per tank and fed 4 diets containing both fishmeal and fish oil(FMFO),plant protein and fish oil(FO),plant protein and canola oil(CAN),and plant protein and soybean oil(SOY)at water temperature of(17.0±0.5)℃with triplication for 55 days.The results showed that there were significantly higher weight gain rate,specific growth rate,and protein efficient rate and lower food conversion ratio in the turbot fed diets SOY and FMFO(P<0.05)than those in the other groups.Lipid efficiency rate and crude lipid contents in whole fish were significantly higher in FMFO group and SOY group than those in the other groups(P<0.05).While essential amino acid content(EAAs)in whole fish was significantly lower in FMFO group than that in others(P<0.05),with high in diet SOY(P<0.05).There were significantly lower eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)contents in whole fish and liver of turbot fed CAN and SOY than those in FMFO and FO(P<0.05).Compared to FMFO,significant increase in levels of serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)was observed in the turbot fed CAN and SOY(P<0.05).The turbot fed CAN and SOY had significantly lower lysozyme and glutathione peroxidase activities in serum and liver than the turbot in FMFO group did(P<0.05),indicating that the overall liver antioxidant activity of each replacement group was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The findings indicated that substituting plant raw materials for fishmeal and fish oil reduced the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of juvenile turbot to a certain extent,but under this experimental conditions,the effect of mixing plant protein with soybean oil and algae meal instead of fishmeal and fish oil is relatively better.It is expected to become an ideal feed for replacing fishmeal and fish oil,and can be used as suitable dietary ingredients.