三角帆蚌金色品系生长性状遗传参数及基因型与环境互作效应分析

为培育出产金色珍珠的三角帆蚌Hyriopsis cumingii良种,并为三角帆蚌金色品系生长性状及产珠性能遗传改良提供理论依据,收集金色内壳色的三角帆蚌,经繁育共获得41个全同胞家系(F1~F41),分别在浙江武义和上海崇明两地养殖,在5月龄和17月龄时,分别测量两地各家系三角帆蚌壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量4个生长性状,并进行遗传参数分析。结果表明:金色品系三角帆蚌壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量的遗传力在5月龄时分别为0.18±0.07、0.19±0.03、0.22±0.09和0.18±0.09,在17月龄时分别为0.26±0.22、0.30±0.16、0.30±0.09和0.23±0.25,两月龄组均属中等遗传力;5月龄时各性状之间遗传相关范围为(0.84±0.02)~(0.96±0.07),表型相关范围为(0.56±0.02)~(0.92±0.04),17月龄时各性状之间遗传相关范围为(0.52±0.03)~(0.97±0.06),表型相关范围为(0.45±0.02)~(0.91±0.01),表明各生长性状可间接选择;5月龄时两地三角帆蚌各性状遗传相关系数为(0.53±0.14)~(0.57±0.12),17月龄时相关系数为(0.27±0.08)~(0.31±0.09),表明生长性状在两地存在显著的基因型与环境互作效应;受基因型与环境互作效应影响,各家系在两地表现不同,其中,F24、F25号家系在两地均表现优良。研究表明,金色品系三角帆蚌有较好的选育潜力,在该品系推广过程中要充分考虑基因型与环境的互作效应。

Estimation of genetic parameters on growth traits and interaction between genotype and environment in golden strain of freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii

In order to cultivate the golden pearl producing freshwater mussel Hyriopsis cumingii,and to provide the theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of the golden pearl producing freshwater mussel,the mussels with golden inner shell and 41 full sib families(F1-F41)were established,and cultured in suspended cages of each 40.0 cm×40.0 cm×12.0 cm in Wuyi,Zhejiang Province,and Chongming,Shanghai.Four growth traits including shell length,shell height,shell width and body mass were measured and genetic parameters were estimated in 5 and 17 months old freshwater mussel.The results showed that the 5 months old freshwater mussel had heritability of 0.18±0.07 in shell length,0.19±0.03 in shell height,0.22±0.09 in shell width and 0.18±0.09 in body mass,and that 17 months old freshwater mussel had heritability of 0.26±0.22 in shell length,0.30±0.16 in shell height,0.30±0.09 in shell width,and 0.23±0.25 in body mass,with moderate heritabilites on growth traits.There was genetic correlation range from 0.84±0.02 to 0.96±0.07,and the phenotypic correlation range from 0.56±0.02 to 0.92±0.04 in the 5 months old freshwater mussel;the genetic correlation range from 0.52±0.03 to 0.97±0.06,and the phenotypic correlation range from 0.45±0.02 to 0.91±0.01 in 17 months old freshwater mussel,indicating that all growth traits were able to be indirectly selected.The genetic correlation coefficients of all the traits was from 0.53±0.14 to 0.57±0.12 in the 5 months old freshwater mussel,and from 0.27±0.08 to 0.31±0.09 in the 17 months old ones,indicating that there was significant interaction between genotype and environment.Each family had different growth traits in the two places,with well growth performance in families F24 and F25 in both places.The finding provides theoretical basis for genetic improvement of growth and pearl production of the golden strain of freshwater mussel.It is preliminarily believed that the golden strain of freshwater mussel has good breeding potential,and that the interaction effect of genotype and environment should be fully considered in the promotion of this strain.