基质配比、有机肥添加比例和营养钵体积对红香芋幼苗生长及球茎产量的影响

为了完善红香芋育苗技术体系,培育健壮幼苗,研究了基质配比、有机肥添加比例、营养钵体积等育苗关键因素对红香芋幼苗生长及球茎产量的影响。试验以地方品种"建昌红香芋"为材料,采用5种基质配比、3种商品有机肥添加比例以及4种营养钵体积进行试验处理,以幼苗生长状态及定植后芋球茎产量为评价指标。结果表明,草炭和蛭石按1∶1(体积比)比例混合的复合基质,因其持水孔隙比例高,保水性最好,所培育的幼苗株高、植株干重及根系活力均显著高于其它基质配比;随着复合基质中有机肥添加比例的增加,红香芋出苗速度减慢,基质中添加5%的有机肥(体积比)可提高幼苗的根系活力,增加叶面积及生物量积累。随着育苗营养钵体积增大,幼苗的株高、叶面积、根系活力及植株干物质积累均增加。幼苗移栽后的球茎产量测定表明,幼苗越健壮,获得的产量越高。上述结果说明,采用草炭和蛭石按1∶1(体积比)的比例配制的复合基质、基质中添加5%的有机肥(体积比)、体积为1500 cm3的营养钵(直径×高为12 cm×13 cm)育苗,红香芋幼苗生长健壮,移栽后芋球茎产量高,可在芋头育苗栽培中应用。

Effects of Substrate Composition,Organic Fertilizer Addition Ratio and Nutritional Bowl Volume on Taro Seedling Growth and Corm Yield

In order to improve trro seedling -- raising technique system and nurture healthy seedlings, we studied the effects of some key factors such as substrate composition, organic fertilizer addition ratio and nutritional bowl volume on the seedling growth and corm yield of taro. Three experiments were conducted in the native taro cuhivar ＂Hongxiangyu＂ , involving five substrate compo- sition ratios, three organic fertilizer addition ratios and four nutrition bowl volumes. The seedling growth status and corm yield of taro after transplanting were investigated. ＇The results indicated that the compound substrate （ peat volume： vermiculite volume = 1 ： 1 ） presented the highest water -： holding： porosity ratio and the best water - holding capacity. Thus the taro seedling on this compound substrate had significantly higher plant height, plant dry weight and root activity than that on other substrates. The emergence speed of taro seedlings declined with the increase in organic fertilizer addition ratio. Adding 5% （v/v） of organic fertihzer into the com- pound substrate could enhance the root activity, total leaf area and biomass accumulation of taro seedlings. Along with the increase in nutrition bowl volume, the plant height, root activity, total leaf area and dry matter accumulation all increased. The transplanted taro seedlings with stronger growth vigor could be harvested higher corm yield. These results suggest that taro seedlings will present strong growth vigor and high corm yield after transplanting under the following cultivation conditions ： compound substrate （ peat： ver- miculite = 1：1 ）, 5 percent of organic fertilizer addiiion ratio, nutrition bowl volume 1500 cm3（ diameter x height = 12 cm x 13 cm）,