海头红提取物抑制食用菌竞争性杂菌的研究

用纸片法和玻片法检测了海头红的4种有机溶剂提取物及极性分离物对食用菌4种竞争性真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:海头红的无水乙醇和甲醇∶甲苯(3∶1)提取物(0.1 mg/g)对黑曲霉和圆弧青霉的抑制作用明显,乙酸乙酯和苯提取物对4种真菌无抑制活性,4种溶剂提取物对绿色木霉和红色链孢霉均无抑制作用。无水乙醇提取物通过不同的极性溶剂(石油醚、苯、乙醇)分离并对其进行抗菌活性检测,结果表明,在3种分离组分中,只有乙醇极性分离物对4种真菌的孢子萌发具有不同程度的抑制作用,乙醇极性组分浓度为0.05 mg/g和0.002 mg/g时对黑曲霉和圆弧青霉的孢子萌发抑制作用明显。

Inhibition Effect of Extract from Plocamium telfairae on Competitive Fungi in Edible Mushroom

Extracts isolated from Plocamium telfairae by four solvents and polar were used to determine the inhibition against four fungi through glass piece method and slip method.The results showed that extracts of ethanol and methanol ∶toluene(3∶1) were active against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium cyclopium,but extracts with four solvents had no active against Trichoderma viride and Neurcspora crassa and extracts with ethyl acetate and benzene did not show any activity against four fungi tested.Anhydrous ethanol extract was separated with different polar solvents(petroleum ether,benzene,ethanol) and their separations were tested for antifungal activity.The result indicated that among three separation fractions,only polar fraction of ethanol showed inhibitory actions on the spore germination of four fungi,and strong inhibition were found in the spore germination of Aspergillus nige and Penicillium cyclopium at concentration of 0.05 mg/g and 0.002 mg/g respectively.