豫北平原粮田土壤养分状况研究

选取豫北平原粮食主产县代表性地块,对耕层土壤养分进行测定分析,调查玉米产量、农业生产状况和农民施肥习惯,旨在查明豫北平原土壤养分状况,为合理利用土壤资源和指导科学施肥提供依据。结果表明:豫北平原土壤养分状况整体处于中等偏上水平,土壤有机质、土壤全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为15.54 g/kg、1.04 g/kg、63.80 mg/kg、20.72 mg/kg和101.93 mg/kg。与第二次土壤普查结果相比土壤有机质提高了38.75%,土壤速效磷含量提高了55.79%,而土壤速效钾含量下降了40.63%。应重视施用有机肥和推广秸秆还田,注意减磷补钾平衡施用化肥,重视宣传推广作物专用复合肥和新型缓/控释肥的施用,不断提高土壤肥力水平和作物产量。

Analysis of Soil Nutrient Condition in North Plain of Henan Province

In order to find out the soil nutrient condition,utilize the soil resources reasonably and guide the scientific fertilization in the north plain of Henan province,the maize yield,agricultural production condition and fertilization practice of peasants were investigated,and soil samples were tested.Soil sample assay results showed that the soil nutrient was at middling level in general,the average contents of soil organic matter,total N,available N,available P and available K were 15.54 g/kg,1.04 g/kg,63.80 mg/kg,20.72 mg/kg and 101.93 mg/kg respectively.In comparison with the results of the second soil overall survey,the soil organic matter and available P contents were improved notably by 38.75% and 55.79% respectively,while the soil available K content was decreased by 40.63%.It was necessary to apply more organic manure,popularize returning straw to soil,reduce the application of phosphorus fertilizer,supply potassium fertilizer,use crop special compound and slow/controlled releasing nitrogenous fertilizer.