对杂交晚稻育种技术和田间筛选的认识与体会

我国杂交晚稻育种已经达到相当高的水平。江西是长江流域双季稻比例最高的省份,结实率低是杂交晚稻产量的主要限制因素。提高结实率是杂交晚稻育种研究的重要方向,缩短生育期适应双季稻区抛秧和机插秧是新需求,产量水平的突破需要耐低肥和高光效育种等新资源和新技术。并结合工作实际提出了重点关注结实率和成穗率,注意早熟材料的田间筛选方法,缩小试验误差等田间筛选工作体会。

Knowledge and Experiences on Late-season Hybrid Rice Breeding and Field Screening Skills

Late-season hybrid rice breeding has reached a relatively high level in China.Jiangxi province has the highest proportion of double-cropping rice in the reaches of the Changjiang River.In this province,lower seed-setting rate is the first restrictive factor of hybrid late rice yield.To enhance seed-setting rate is an important orientation of late-season hybrid rice breeding.Shortening the growth duration of hybrid rice is a new requirement to adapt seedling-casting and mechanical transplanting in double-cropping rice area.The yield breakthrough of hybrid rice needs new germplasm innovation and better techniques,such as lower fertilizer tolerant parents and higher photosynthetic efficiency breeding.Based on the research activity,the authors put forward some experiences on field screening method,including paying close attention to seed-setting rate and percentage of ear formation,screening the materials with short growth duration,and reducing the experimental error etc.