信阳市水稻生育期高温热害变化特征及对产量的影响

利用1961~2013年河南省信阳市各气象站气象资料,对近53年来信阳市水稻生育关键期内高温热害的发生规律进行了分析,结果表明:近53年来,信阳市水稻生育关键期高温热害年代际变化呈现"V"型趋势,即1960s和1970s较重,1980s最轻,1990s和2000s又呈加重趋势。2013年是近53年来发生持续时间最长、强度最大的高温热害年份,其次为1966年。信阳市高温热害空间分布基本呈现由西向东、由南向北逐渐增强的变化趋势,水稻种植面积较大的中东部地区高温热害发生较多。2001和2003年是受高温热害影响最严重,灾损率分别达到了35.3%和24.5%。随着水稻品种的不断更新,高温热害对产量的影响也在逐渐减小,但生产中对于高温热害的预警及防御工作仍不可忽视。

Variation Characteristics of High-temperature Damage in Rice Growth and Developmental Period and Its Effect on Rice Yield in Xinyang City

Based on the meteorological data recorded at 9 weather stations of Xinyang city , Henan province from 1961 to 2013, the author analyzed the spatial -temporal variation characteristics of high -temperature damage to rice in its key growth and devel-opmental period in recent 53 years.The results indicated that the decadal variation in high -temperature damage presented the trend of＆quot;V＆quot;shape, namely the damage was the heaviest in the 1960s and 1970s, the lightest in the 1980s, and then heavier in the 1990s and 2000s.The year 2013 was the year when the high -temperature damage was the heaviest during 1961-2013, and fol-lowed by the year 1966.In spatial distribution, the high -temperature damage in Xinyang city basically revealed an increasing change tendency from west to east , and from south to north , and it occurred more in the mid -east region of Xinyang in which the planting area of rich was larger .The rice yield in 2001 and 2003 was severely influenced by high temperature , and the yield loss rate reached 35.3%and 24.5%, respectively.Along with the update of rice variety , the influence of high -temperature damage on rice yield was decreasing .In spite of this, the warning and defense on high -temperature damage in rice production should not be ignored.