氮磷钾配施对油菜产量及其构成因子的影响

油菜田间肥效试验表明:合理施用氮、磷肥能显著提高油菜的株高、一级分枝数、角果数、每角粒数、千粒重,并降低第一分枝高度;施用钾肥可以明显提高油菜株高,对其他生长指标也有一定的促进作用,但效果不如氮、磷肥明显。施用氮、磷、钾处理的油菜增产率分别为77.0%、19.2%、31.3%;最佳施肥量:N 219.4 kg/hm2,P2O553.8 kg/hm2,K2O 73.6 kg/hm2,最佳产量为2653.7 kg/hm2;氮、磷、钾肥合理配施,既能提高油菜体内各养分的含量,又能提高肥料利用率,油菜的各项生长指标几乎都达到最优,产量也达到最高水平。

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield and Its Components of Rape

Rape field experiment of fertilization effect was conducted.The results showed that the reasonable combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could significantly increase the plant height,the first branch number,pod number,seed number per pod and 1000-grain weight,and decrease the first branch height.The utilization of potassium fertilizer could obviously increase the plant height of rape,and it also could play a certain promotive function on other growth indexes,while its effect was lower than the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.The yield-increasing rates of applying nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 77.0%,19.2% and 31.3% respectively.The optimum fertilizer application rate was N 219.4 kg/hm2,P2O5 53.8 kg/hm2,K2O 73.6 kg/hm2,and the highest yield was 2653.7 kg/hm2.The reasonable combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could not only improve the nutrient content in rape plants,but also enhance the utilization ratio of fertilizer,optimize all growth indexes and get the highest yield of rape.