变黄期不同烘烤时间及温湿度对烟叶质量的影响

以烤烟品种K326为材料,开展变黄期烘烤时间长短和湿球温度高低对烟叶质量影响的试验,结果表明:在总的变黄期烘烤时间及失水量相同的情况下,38℃变黄阶段,适当拉大干湿球温差,延长38℃变黄阶段烘烤时间,烤后烟叶质量较好,桔黄烟叶比例较高,杂色烟比例较少;42℃变黄凋萎阶段烘烤时间控制在10～20 h、湿球控制36℃的处理较好,烤后成熟度较好,桔黄烟叶比例较大,杂色烟叶较少,湿球温度低,虽有利减少杂色烟叶,但青筋烟较多,湿球温度高的处理杂色烟叶比例加大,颜色深暗;变黄时间中下部烟叶以60 h较为适宜,上部烟叶以65 h较为适宜,烤后成熟度较好,桔黄烟叶比例较大,杂色烟叶比例较少;评吸质量表现为随着38、42℃变黄阶段的湿球温度增高和42℃凋萎时间拉长,烟叶评吸质量逐渐变差;烟叶主要化学成分表现为随着38、42℃变黄阶段的湿球温度增高和42℃凋萎时间拉长,烟叶总糖、还原糖明显减少,烟碱增加,其他化学成变化不大。

Effects of Different Baking Time, Temperature and Humidity at Yellowing Stage on Quality of Tobacco Leaf

Taking flue-tobacco variety K326 as the test material,the test for the baking time and the wet-bulb temperature at yellowing stage was conducted.The results indicated that: under the circumstances of the same total baking time and the same water loss,when the difference between dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature was appropriately increased at the 38 ℃ yellowing stage,and the baking time at the 38 ℃ yellowing stage was extended,the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was better,the proportion of orange leaves was higher,and the proportion of mottled leaves was lower.At the 42 ℃ yellowing and wilting stage,when the baking time was controlled between 10 and 20 hours,and the wet-bulb temperature was controlled at 36 ℃,the maturity of flue-cured tobacco leaves was better,the proportion of orange leaves was higher,and the proportion of mottled leaves was lower;low wet-bulb temperature could reduce the mottled leaves,but it could increase blue-veins leaves;high wet-bulb temperature increased the proportion of mottled leaves,and made the leaf color deep.The suitable yellowing time for middle and lower leaves was 60 hours,while that for upper leaves was 65 hours,the flue-cured tobacco leaf maturity was better,the orange-yellow leaves had a larger proportion,while the mottled leaves accounted for a lower proportion.The smoking quality performance of tobacco leaves became worse and worse when the wet-bulb temperature at the 38 ℃ and 42 ℃ yellowing stage increased and the 42 ℃ wilting time elongated.In addition,as the wet-bulb temperature at the 38 ℃ and 42 ℃ yellowing stage increased and the 42 ℃ wilting time elongated,the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves significantly reduced,the nicotine content increased,and the other chemical components changed little.