显性雄性核不育水稻的研究及应用前景

颜龙安等在“萍矮５８／华野”的杂交后代中发现一个单基因显性核不育材料，在水稻中为世界首次发现，被命名为“萍乡核不育水稻”，该不育基因定名为“Ｍｓ－ｐ”。在植物显性核不育中，首次证明其不育性与细胞质无关，为证实植物界核不育型的存在提供了一个新论据；在植物上，首先把植物的感温性和确实存在的育性基因联系在一起来研究，并在此基础上确定出育性变化的临界温度值和敏感期；提出了用纯合体不育系作母本和具显性上位基因品种作恢复系制种的显性核不育“二系制种法”应用模式。本文概述了显性核不育水稻在细胞学、遗传学、感温性研究及育种选育上的进展，阐述了它在遗传育种上的应用前景。

Studies and Applying Prospects of Pingxiang Dominant Genic Male Sterile (PDGMS) Rice

PDGMS, solely discovered in rice from the progeny of "Pingai 58/Huaye" by Yan Longan, was originally controlled by a dominantly genic gene. Its sterility is not affected by cytoplasm. For the dominant genic male sterile type. this was firstly testified through using it as a male parent in crosses, when its fertility was discovered sensitive to temperature. Moreover, some restorers possessing dominantly epistatic genes were screened out. Thus, homozygous PDGMS line can be directly applied to develop two line method hybrid rice on the base of determing the critical temperature value and sensitive stage to temperature. The article generalizes the study progresses of PDGMS in cytology, inheritance and thermo-sensitivity. Then, it is introduced that the breeding achievements for PDGMS and its spplying prospects in genetic and breeding research.