籼型杂交水稻产量及其相关性状的配合力及遗传分析

选用24个籼型三系杂交水稻亲本（4个不育系和20个恢复系），采用4×20不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）对9个产量及其相关性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明：（1）所有考查性状中，一般配合力方差差异不育系和恢复系均达极显著水平，不育系×恢复系特殊配合力方差差异也均达极显著水平。其中播始历期、株高、穗长和千粒重等性状以基因加性效应为主，有效穗和每穗实粒数等性状则以基因的非加性效应为主。（2）考查的性状受恢复系的影响要比受不育系的影响大。（3）亲本各性状一般配合力与特殊配合力之间没有明显的对应关系，表明在杂交组合选配时，只有在选择一般配合力高的亲本基础上，通过广泛测交，才能获得特殊配合力高的强优势组合。

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heredity of Yield Characters and Related Characters in Indica Hybrid Rice

Twenty-four parents of three-line indica hybrid rice,including 4 sterile lines and 20 restoring lines,were chosen to analyze the combining ability of 9 yield characters and related characters by the way of 4×20 incomplete diallele cross(NCⅡ) design.The results showed:(1) General combining ability(GCA) variances of all tested characters in sterile lines and in restoring lines were significant at 1% level,specific combining ability(SCA) variances of all tested characters were significant at 1% level,the additive variation was principal for duration from sowing to initial heading,plant height,panicle length and 1000-grain weight,while the non-additive variation was greater for effective panicles and grains per panicle;(2) All characters were more greatly influenced by restoring line than by sterile line;(3) There were no significant corresponding relations between GCA and SCA of various characters of parents,which suggested that good specific combining ability combination could be obtained through wide test cross on the basis of high general combining ability parents.