曲靖烟区不同前作对烤烟品质的影响

研究了云南曲靖两个海拔生态区不同前作下烤烟的化学成分、致香物质、评吸质量和重金属含量。结果表明,不同前作明显影响烟叶的品质,且因海拔不同而有差异。烤烟的化学成分在中低海拔烟区(1300～1800 m)以玉米或豌豆为前作的处理为佳,高海拔烟区(1800～2300 m)以蚕豆和玉米为前作的处理为佳;中低海拔烟区以玉米、绿肥或豌豆为前作,高海拔烟区以玉米或绿肥为前作可以适当增加烤烟的致香物质含量;烟叶评吸感官质量在中低海拔烟区以玉米、绿肥、豌豆或油菜为前作、高海拔烟区以绿肥或玉米为前作时得分较高,清香型风格在中低海拔区以绿肥或油菜为前作、高海拔烟区以洋芋或玉米为前作最明显;曲靖地区烤烟中铅含量偏高,在中低海拔烟区前作空闲、高海拔烟区以洋芋为前作的烤烟铅含量最低。综合而言,中低海拔烟区以玉米或豌豆为前作、高海拔烟区以绿肥或玉米为前作对改善烟叶品质最为有利。

Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Quality of Flue -cured Tobacco in Qujing Area

The chemical composition, aroma substance, smoking quality and heavy metal content of flue - cured tobacco with different preceding crops were studied in two different altitudes of ecological tobacco areas of Qujing city, Yunnan province. The results showed that the preceding crop had great influence on the quality of tobacco leaves, and the tobacco leaf quality had a little difference among different altitudes. In the tobacco areas with middle and low altitudes （ 1300 - 1800 m）, the chemical composition was considered as the best when the preceding crop of flue - cured tobacco was corn or pea ; while it was considered as the best when the preceding crop was broad bean or corn at high altitude （1800 - 2300 m）. The aroma substance content could be appropriately increased by taking corn, green manure or pea as the preceding crop at middle and low altitudes and taking green manure or corn as the preceding crop at high altitude. The score of smoking sensory quality of tobacco leaves was higher when corn, green manure, pea or rape was taken as the preceding crop at middle and low altitudes and green manure or corn was taken as the preceding crop at high altitude. Delicate fragrance style was the most obvious when green manure or rape was planted as the preceding crop at middle and low altitudes and yam or corn was planted as the preceding crop at high altitude. The lead content in tobacco leaves in Qujing area was higher, but the lead content was the lowest when the preceding crop was blank at middle and low altitudes or yam at high altitude. In conclusion, taking corn or pea as the preceding crop at the middle and low altitudes and taking green manure or corn as the preceding crop at high altitude were most beneficial to the improvement of the tobacco leaf quality.