鄱阳湖单退区土地资源可持续利用技术研究——以江西都昌县为例

针对鄱阳湖单退区土地资源利用中存在的问题,选择具有代表性的都昌县作为典型区域,开展了单退区土地资源合理开发和可持续性利用技术研究。采取面上调查与典型分析、试验与示范、引进创新与组装集成相结合,分别开展了河港湿地香根草截污修复技术,退居地土地整理技术、耕地高效多维用地技术,低洼地莲藕避洪高效种植技术以及以户用沼气为纽带的养分循环利用技术的研究与示范,取得了明显的经济、社会和生态效益,试验区农民人均收入提高了33.6%,单位面积土地收益增加52.6%,主要农作物水稻增产11.2%,棉地效益提高8%～20%,土地资源利用率提高11.1%,河港湿地植被覆盖率达到80%以上;地表径流量和土壤侵蚀量分别下降60%和93%。

Study on Technology of Sustainable Use of Land Resources in Singly-degenerate Area of Poyang Lake——Taking Duchang County of Jiangxi Province as An Example

Aiming at the existent problems in the use of land resources in singly-degenerate areas of Poyang Lake,selecting Duchang county of Jiangxi province as the representative typical region,the author studied the technology of development and sustainable use of land resources in singly-degenerate area.Through general investigation and typical analysis,experiment and demonstration,introduction,innovation and integration of related techniques,we have developed the dirt-baring and repairing technology of planting balsamroot grass on river port wetland,the arrangement technology of the returned resident land,the technology of highly-effective and multi-dimensional utilization of cultivated land,the flood-avoiding and highly-efficient technology of planting lotus root in low-lying land,and the cyclic utilization technology of the nutrition through the household methane,and have obtained obvious economic,social and ecological benefits.In trial areas,the per capita income of the farmer was enhanced by 33.6%,the land income per unit area increased 52.6%,the rice yield was increased by 11.2%,the cotton land benefit enhanced 8%～20%,the efficiency of land resources use enhanced 11.1%,the vegetation coverage rate of river port wetland achieved above 80%,the surface amount of runoff and the soil erosion quantity dropped 60% and 93% separately.