狭叶坡垒枝叶粗提物抑菌活性研究

采用菌丝生长速率法,以西瓜枯萎菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schl.f.sp.cucumerirum Owen)、烟草赤星菌Alternaria longipes(Ell.et Eu)Tisdale et Wadk]、香蕉大灰斑菌Curvularia lunata(Wakker)Boedijin]、烟草灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers)和水稻纹枯菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)为靶标,对采自广西十万大山的16种植物的甲醇粗提物进行了生物活性筛选,结果表明,狭叶坡垒(Hopea chinensis Hand.Mass)、水茄(Solanum touvum Swartz)等7种植物粗提物对5种供试真菌均有活性,其中狭叶坡垒抑菌活性最为显著;进一步测定了狭叶坡垒石油醚萃取层、乙酸乙酯萃取层及水萃取层对玉米大斑菌(Helminthosporium turcicum Pass)、稻胡麻叶斑菌(Helminthosporium oryzae Breda de Haan)和西瓜枯萎菌(F.oxysporum Schl.f.sp)等21种供试植物病原真菌的生物活性,结果表明,5 mg/mL狭叶坡垒乙酸乙酯萃取物的抑菌活性最强,对水稻恶苗菌Gibberella fujikuroi(Saw)Wollenw]、香蕉黑条叶斑菌(Mycosphaerella fijiensis Marelet)和香蕉褐缘灰斑菌(Cercospora musae Zimm)等18种植物病原菌均有一定抑制作用,其中对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophthora nicotianae Breda)的抑制率达100%,对香蕉叶缘枯菌(Alternaria musae Bour.et Bat)、香蕉大灰斑菌Curvalaria lunata(Wakker)Boedijin]、甘蔗凤梨病菌Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dade)Moreau]、甘蓝黑斑菌Alternaria brassicola(Schw.)Wiltshire]和水稻纹枯菌(R.solani)的抑制率分别为89.00%、94.12%、90.35%、89.93%和85.13%。对烟草黑胫病菌(C.nicotianae)、香蕉叶缘枯菌(A.musae)、香蕉大灰斑菌(C.lunata)、甘蔗凤梨病菌(C.paradoxa)、甘蓝黑斑菌(A.brassicola)和水稻纹枯菌(R.solani)的EC50分别为:0.475 8,2.642 9,0.614 7,0.467 4,0.977 7,3.463 7 mg/mL。对甘蔗凤梨病菌(C.paradoxa)、甘蓝黑斑菌(A.brassicola)进行孢子萌发实验,其EC50分别为0.716 6 mg/mL、1.784 4 mg/mL。研究结果为进一步研究狭叶坡垒枝叶中的抑菌活性成分提供了基础数据。

Antifungal Activity of The Extraction of Hopea chinensis Stem and Leaves Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

With the growth rate method,15 kinds of plant materies were selected for their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. cucumerirum Owen,Alternaria longipes( Ell. et Eu) Tisdale et Wadk,Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijin,Botrytis cinerea Pers,and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.The results were as follows.Hopea chinensis Hand.Mass,Solanum touvum swartz together and other five materials showed inhibitory activity,H. chinensis showed the strongest inhibition.Further experiment on the antifungal activity of the petro?leum,ethyl acetate and water extracts of H. chinensisi stem and leaves with against 21 plant pathogenic fungi such as Helminthosporium turcicum Pass,Helminthosporium oryzae Breda de Haan,Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp and other 21 plant was determined.The results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of H. chinensis had high antifungal activity against 18 plant pathogenic fungi such as Gibberella fujikuroi ( Saw) Wollenw, Mycosphaere?lla fijiensis Mareletto,Cercospora musae Zimm. Their antifungal activity against Phytophthora nicotianae Breda was the strongest whose inhibiting rate was 100%,flowed by that against Alternaria musae Bour. et Bat,Curv?alaria lunata(Wakker) Boedijin,Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dade)Moreau,Alternaria brassicola(Schw.)Wiltshire, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn,whose inhibiting rates were 89.00%,94.12%,90.35%,89.93% and 95.13%,respective?ly,and whose EC50 were 0.475 8mg/mL,2.642 9 mg/mL,0.614 7 mg/mL,0.467 4 mg/mL,0.977 7 mg/mL and 3.463 7 mg/mL,respectively.The spore germination experiment was conducted on C. paradoxa and A.brassicola using ethyl acetate extract of H. chinensis and the EC50 of each were 0. 716 6 mg/mL and 1. 784 4 mg/mL, respectively.The results lay the foundation for further investigation on the active antifungal components in Hopea chinensis.