土壤肥力对酿酒葡萄品质的影响

以赤霞珠(Vitis vinifera L.)为例,研究酿酒葡萄(Vitaceae)品质和土壤条件(主要是肥力条件)之间的关系。通过对北方5个酿酒葡萄主产区连续2年采集的酿酒葡萄和土壤样品进行分析化验,应用相关分析和回归分析等方法,研究酿酒葡萄总糖、总酸、单宁、pH值及糖酸比等化学品质因子和土壤条件(土壤有机质、pH、全盐、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾,主要是肥力条件)之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)采收期土壤全氮、全磷、、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾5个肥力因子对葡萄总糖含量有明显影响,其中以氮元素(包括全氮和碱解氮)的影响程度最大,并且随着土壤肥力增高,葡萄总糖含量逐渐降低;(2)葡萄单宁含量和采收期土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷7个因子的关系比较密切,其中以有机质、碱解氮对单宁含量的影响最显著;(3)酿酒葡萄的pH值及糖酸比和采收期土壤有机质含量的关系较为密切,葡萄pH值及糖酸比均随着土壤有机质含量的增加而逐渐降低;(4)葡萄总酸含量和土壤条件的关系不密切。为优化酿酒葡萄田间管理提供理论依据,也为优质酿酒葡萄区划提供参考。

Relationship between Soil Fertilily and Quality of Wine Grape

Wine grape variety'Cabernet sauvignon'was used to investigated the corelation ship between wine grape quality and soil conditions(mainly soil fertility conditions).For two years,wine grape samples and soil samples from six provinces in China were coolected,and the qualityies of the wine grape and soil conditions were assyed.By means of analysis of correlation and regression,the correlation between five quality factors(including total sugar,total acid,tannin,pH and S/A)of wine grape and nine factors(of soil condidions including soil organic matter,pH,total salt,total N,total P,total K,available N,available P and available K,mostly mutrient factors) was stadied.The results showed:1)Five soil nutrient factors including total N,total P,available N,available P and available K influence the total sugar of wine grape evidently and N element(total N,available N)is the most important factor.The total sugar of wine grape decreases with decrease of fertility;2)The soil factors influencing tannin of wine grape are pH,organic matter,total N,total P,total K,available N and available P,and organic matter and available N are more important than other soil factors;3)Soil organic matter will affect pH and S/A of wine grape,the higher the organic matter,the lower the pH and S/A;4)Soil factors would not influence total acid of wine arape.The results provide basis for optimizing management of field and zone classification of wine grape.