水生植物对N、P的富集作用研究

研究水生植物对N、P的富集能力在富营养化湿地的生态修复中非常重要。对温州三垟湿地18种水生植物生物量及其对N、P的吸收与积累能力进行测定和比较。结果表明:不同植物种类单株生物量差异极为显著,蒲苇、美人蕉的单株生物量最大。不同植物种类地上部分含N量为23.52~55.00 g/kg,地下部分含N量为14.36~50.50 g/kg;地上部分P浓度为0.53~8.1 g/kg,而地下部分含P浓度为0.46~6.08 g/kg,物种间差异显著。不同物种各自的地上部分与地下部分N和P浓度的相关系数分别达0.382和0.833,相关极显著。不同植物单株含N量为0.356~3.951 g/株,不同植物单株含P量分别和0.014~0.324 g/株之间,种间差异显著。其中含N量最高的植物单株为美人蕉、千屈菜和蒲苇,单株含P量最高的为千屈菜,其次为薏苡、水烛和菖蒲。美人蕉、水竹芋、水芋、水烛、菖蒲、伞草、细叶莎草、千屈菜、薏苡等对N、P具有较强的吸收与积累能力,又具有较高的观赏价值,建议在湿地修复中考虑应用。

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake of 18 Aquatic Plant Species in Sanyang Wetland

Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of the aquatic plants is the determining factor in remediation of eutrophic wetland.In this study,the uptake abilities of nitrogen and phosphorus in 18 kinds of aquatic plants were compared.The results indicated that there was significant difference in individual biomass among different aquatic plants.The biomass of Canna generalis and Cortaderia selloana were the highest.The nitrogen contents in plant varied significantly in the aboveground and the underground parts waking 23.52~55.00 g/kg and 14.36~50.50 g/kg,respectively.The nitrogen content in shoot was closely and positively correlated with that in underground part with a correlation coefficiency 0.387.The phosphorus contents were also significantly different among those species.The P contents in the aboveground and the underground were 0.53 to 8.1 g/kg and 0.46 to 6.08 g/kg,respectively.The phosphorus content in the aboveground was also positively correlated with that in the underground part with a correlation coefficiency 0.828.The nitrogen uptake per plant varied from 0.356 to 3.951 g while P per plant varied from 0.014 to 0.324 g.Cortaderia selloana,Canna generalis,Lythrum salicaria had higher nitrogen uptake.Lythrum salicaria had higher phosphorus uptake.It is suggested that Canna generalis,Thalia dealbata,Typha angustifolia,Acorus calamus,Cyperus alternifolius,Cyperus prolifer,Lythrum salicaria,Coix lacrymajobi ware recommendable in the restoration of eutrophic wetland considering their better uptake of N and P and their appearance.