减氮配施腐植酸对草甸黑土理化性质及玉米产量的影响

高强度利用导致草甸黑土肥力下降、质量不断退化.为探讨减氮配施腐植酸对土壤持水性能、保肥能力以及玉米产量的影响,设置草甸黑土田间试验,包括6个处理:不施肥(CK),常规施肥处理(N100H0),减施氮肥20％+5 t·hm-2腐植酸(N80H5),减施氮肥20％+10 t·hm-2腐植酸(N80H10),减施氮肥30％+5 t·hm-2腐植酸(N70H5),减施氮肥30％+10 t·hm-2腐植酸(N70H10).结果表明,施用腐植酸各处理土壤理化性状均得到有效改善,其中N80H10处理为最佳施肥模式,与常规施肥处理相比,土壤容重降低18.20％,土壤碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷含量分别增加5.69％、7.58％和10.13％,玉米产量提高21.17％,肥料利用率显著提高.可见,减氮配施腐植酸对玉米稳产增产及绿色农业发展具有重要意义.

Effect of nitrogen reduction combined with humic acid application on physical and chemical properties of black soil and maize yield

High-intensity utilization leads to fertility decline and quality degradation of meadow black soil. In order to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with humic acid application on soil water holding capacity, fertilizer holding capacity and corn yield, a field experiment was set up on meadow black soil. Six treatments were set up, no fertilization(CK); conventional fertilization(N_(100)H_0);reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% + 5 t · hm~(-2) humic acid(N_(80)H_5); reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% +10 t · hm~(-2) humic acid(N_(80)H_(10)); reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 30% + 5 t · hm~(-2) humic acid(N_(70)H_5); reducing nitrogen fertilizer application by 30%+ 10 t · hm~(-2) humic acid(N_(70)H_(10)). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of the soil were effectively improved, among which N_(80)H_(10) treatment was the best fertilization mode. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the soil bulk density decreased by 18.20%, the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus contents increased by 5.69%, 7.58% and 10.13%, respectively, the corn yield increased by 21.17%,and the fertilizer utilization rate increased significantly. Therefore, nitrogen reduction combined with humic acid application was of great significance to the stable and increased yield of corn and the development of green agriculture.