矮化大豆突变体叶片解剖结构及过氧化物酶活性研究

以"东农42"为野生型,以NaN3处理它而获得的矮化突变体"东泽11号"为突变体,采用石蜡切片法对野生型及突变体叶片进行解剖结构研究。结果表明,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、海绵组织占叶片厚度为突变体均小于野生型,栅栏组织占叶片厚度、栅/海比为突变体大于野生型,且随着矮化程度的加深而增大。突变体的叶主脉维管束个数、导管个数、导管直径、输水面积、韧皮部面积均小于野生型。栅/海可作为矮化的筛选指标。愈创木酚法测定野生型及突变体叶片过氧化物酶活性发现,突变体与野生型过氧化物酶活性随生育期延长均有增大的趋势;生育期20 d时,突变体的过氧化物酶活性略小于野生型,差异不显著;生育期30、40、50 d时,突变体过氧化物酶活性大于野生型,差异1%水平极显著。大豆矮化与过氧化物酶活性正相关。

Study on the anatomical structures of blades and peroxide enzyme activity, in the dwarf mutant soybean

The dwarf mutant Dongze11 was obtained from Dongnong42 soybean induced by NaN3 chemical,anatomical structures of blades were observed by paraffin-slice-up.The results showed that the thickness of blades,palisade tissue,spongy tissue and the thickness ratio of spongy to blade in the mutant were all smaller than those of the wild type;however,the thickness of palisade to blade and the thickness ratio of palisade tissue to spongy were all bigger,and the difference was bigger between the mutant and wild type when the dwarf phenomenon was more notable.In addition,the main vascular bundle number,vessel number,vessel diameter,area of transport water and area of phloem in main vein of blades were lower in the dwarf mutant.So the screen of dwarfing seedlings can be determined by the proportion of spongy and palisade thickness.The peroxide enzyme activities in the mutant and the wild type had an ascending trend.When mutants grew for 20 d,the peroxide enzyme activity was a little lower than that of the wild type,but there was no significant difference;while for 30,40 and 50 d,the peroxide enzyme activity of mutant became higher,with significant difference at 1% level.So it suggested that peroxide enzyme activity was related to the degree of dwarf in soybean.