草莓胚和胚乳发育的研究

以哈尔滨地区推广的“戈雪拉”和“小实”草莓品种为材料，采用常规石蜡切片法，荧光技术和透射电镜技术，对草莓受精、胚和胚乳的发育过程进行观察，其结果如下：１．草莓属于多心皮离生单雌蕊，柱头较小，表面有栅状排列的乳突细胞，花柱细长，中央可见有较发达的引导组织，子房内１枚横生胚珠，单珠被，厚珠心，蓼型胚囊，利用荧光法可清楚看到落在柱头上的花粉萌发，花粉管的延伸途径，即由柱头一花柱引导组织—子房内壁—胎座—胚珠表面—进入珠孔。２．胚的发育过程与大多数双子叶植物基本一致，先后经历了合子—二细胞原胚—球形原胚—心形胚—鱼雷形胚—成熟胚等阶段，胚发育属紫菀型，胚的形态呈直立型。３．草莓属核型胚乳，先后经历初生胚乳核—胚乳游离核—胚乳细胞—胚乳逐渐被胚吸收等过程，戈雪拉品种幼胚发育中，在其周围具有一个特殊的结构

STUDY OF EMBRYO AND ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT IN STRAWBERRY

The fertilization and development process of embryo and endosperm in strawberry Gelila and Xiaoshi, broadly cultivated in Harbin were investigated by optical microscopy、fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that there were numerous little single-pistils on the receptacle, the papilla cells were arranged in grid order on its stigma and the flourishing transmitting tissue appeared in the center of its thin and long pistil. There was only one crassinucellate hemianatropous ovule with Polygonum type embryo sac and a single integument in each ovary. The germination of pollen and the pathway of pollen tube growth could be clearly observed with fluorescence microscopy: stigma→transmitting tissue in pistil→intine of ovary→placenta→the surface of ovule→micropyle. The development of embryo was consistent with most dicotyls: zygote→2-cell proembryo→proembryo shaped like a ball→proembryo shaped like a heart→-proembryo shaped like a torpedo→proembryo with two cotyledons. The embryo was orthotropous and its development was Asterad type. The endosperm development belonged to Nuclear type as the following: primary endosperm nucleus→free endosperm nucleus→endosperm cell→endosperm assimilated gradually by embryo. During the development of Gelila embryo there was a special structure around it.