玉米抗丝黑穗病种质鉴定及遗传研究

丝黑穗病是我国玉米生产的重要病害之一。试验采用人工接种鉴定法研究黑龙江省常用玉米自交系和部分国内骨干系对丝黑穗病的抗性。在54份自交系中,鉴定出4份高抗系和8份抗病系,感病和高感系占64.9%。PB血缘材料中既有高抗材料,也有感或高感材料;含Mo17和自330血缘的材料多数抗或高抗玉米丝黑穗病,尤其是含Mo17血缘材料抗性更强;而含黄早四血缘的材料多高感玉米丝黑穗病;Ried血缘材料多属于中抗或感病类型。玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性遗传属核遗传,F1的发病率介于抗、感亲本之间,接近于双亲的平均值,不存在正反交差异。欲培育中抗以上类型杂交种,其双亲发病率应较低,杂交方式应为高抗×高抗;高抗×抗病;高抗×中抗;高抗×感病;抗病×抗病;抗病×中抗。

Germplasm identification and genetics study of resistance to head smut in maize

Head smut of maize, which is caused by the fungus Sphacelotheca reiliana Cllint, has been a serious disease in maize production. With the artifical inoculation test, this paper analysed maize head smut-resistance of common inbred lines in Heilongjiang province and part of major inbred lines in domestic production. Among 54 inbred lines, there were 4 high resistant lines and 8 resistant lines, and 64.9 percent high sensitive and sensitive lines. There were high resistant lines, sensitive and sensitive lines in PB consanguinity; The materials with Mo17 and Zi 330 consanguinity had resistance or high resistance to maize head smut, especially with Mo17 consanguinity; However the materials with Huangzaosi consanguinity were almost sensitive; The materials with Reids consanguinity were almost middle resistant or sensitive. And maize resistance genetics was nuclear inheritance, the disease incidence of F1 was between the resistant and sensitive parents, and approached to the average of parents, and there was not differences in reciprocal cross. So in order to breed hybrid with middle or high resistance, the disease incidence of parents should be low, and the cross way should be: HR×HR; HR×R; HR×MR; HR×S; R×R; R×MR.