黑龙江省农业水土资源时空匹配格局研究

基于黑龙江省2000~2014年13个地市水资源总量、耕地面积、土地面积等数据,采用农业水土资源匹配系数和基尼系数研究黑龙江省农业水土资源时空匹配格局。结果表明,黑龙江省农业水资源和土地资源空间分布不均匀,水资源量大致呈现东西两侧贫乏,中部和西北部丰富特点,而耕地面积大致呈现东西两侧较多,中部和西北部较少特点;农业水土资源匹配系数时空差异较大,全省仅大兴安岭地区、伊春市、鹤岗市和牡丹江市多年平均农业水土资源匹配系数超过全省平均值1.79×104m3·hm~(-2);不同年份黑龙江省农业水土资源匹配基尼系数呈现一定波动性,但波动性不大,最大值和最小值相差仅0.1903,多年平均农业水土资源匹配基尼系数为0.4687,属于匹配较差。随时间推移,黑龙江省农业水土资源匹配基尼系数具有明显先增后降趋势,2008年达到最大值0.5307,随后减小。研究结果对保障区域粮食生产和提高农业水土资源利用效率具有重要理论意义和实践价值。

Study on the spatio-temporal matching patterns of agricultural water and soil resources in Heilongjiang Province

Using the data of total amount of water resources,cultivated land acreage,land acreage of 13 cities in Heilongjiang Province from 2000 to 2014,the spatio-temporal matching patterns of agricultural water and soil resources could be studied with the methods of the agricultural water and soil resources matching coefficient and Gini coefficient.The results showed that the spatial distribution of agricultural water and soil was uneven.The water resources presented the characteristics of less on east and west sides and more in the central and northwest,the cultivated area presents the characteristics of more on east and west sides and less in the central and northwest.The spatio-temporal differences of agricultural water and soil resources matching coefficient was bigger,the agricultural water and soil resources matching coefficient exceed the mean value 1.79× 104 m3· hm-2 only in Daxinganling,Yichun,Hegang and Mudanjiang.The Gini coefficient of agricultural water and soil resources matching presented a certain volatility in different years,the difference between the maximum value and minimum value was 0.1903.The yearly Gini coefficient of agricultural water and soil resources matching was 0.4687,which belonged to poor matching type.The Gini coefficient of agricultural water and soil resources matching presented the downward trend after the increase as the time increasing,reaching the maximum value 0.5307 in 2008 and after 2008 beginning to decrease.The results could provide theoretical significance and practical value for improving grain production region and the utilization efficiency of agricultural water and soil resources.